on 18/2/2021، the Women's Legal assistance Organization، in the presence of
Deputy Minister of Justice (Shilan Arif)
Mr. Ezzedine، Legal Adviser to the Directorate for Combating Violence Against Women and the Family
Mrs. (Sargul Saeed) Women's Committee، Kurdistan Parliament
Mrs. (Pervin Hassan) from the High Council of Women's Affairs.
Judges and members of the Public Prosecution of Domestic Violence Courts.
Directorates for Combating Violence Against Women and the Family.
Managers of Family Counseling Centers.
Representatives of the Ministries of Social Affairs and Higher Education
(Regional Advisory Meeting for Peace Committees) The purpose of the meeting was to gather the different experiences of the work of the Peace Committees in different cities of the Kurdistan Region.
Following the remarks of the Deputy Minister of Justice، the Administration، the Parliament and the High Council for Women's Affairs،
Two panels were held at the meeting،
The first panel was attended by judges and public prosecutors from the Domestic Violence Investigation Courts، which was chaired by the director of the organization (Shokhan Hamershid) and the judges highlighted their work and experience with the Legislature and the Peace Committees and the Peace Committees.
In the second panel، which was attended by the Center for Family Counseling in the provinces and independent administrations، which was chaired by the organization's lawyer (Briar Mohammad)، the directors of the centers highlighted the work experience of the committees، as well as their work and problems.
At the end، an open discussion was held between the participants and all the participants presented their recommendations، recommendations and suggestions within the framework of the group's work.
As an organization، we collect all recommendations and proposals and present them to all stakeholders in a package in the hope that they will be able to establish a unified and comprehensive mechanism for all peace committees and to make all committees and committees work in the city
It is also one of the activities carried out by the organization in the framework of the project (monitoring the implementation of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act) in collaboration with NED
on 18/2/2021، the Women's Legal assistance Organization، in the presence of
Deputy Minister of Justice (Shilan Arif)
Mr. Ezzedine، Legal Adviser to the Directorate for Combating Violence Against Women and the Family
Mrs. (Sargul Saeed) Women's Committee، Kurdistan Parliament
Mrs. (Pervin Hassan) from the High Council of Women's Affairs.
Judges and members of the Public Prosecution of Domestic Violence Courts.
Directorates for Combating Violence Against Women and the Family.
Managers of Family Counseling Centers.
Representatives of the Ministries of Social Affairs and Higher Education
(Regional Advisory Meeting for Peace Committees) The purpose of the meeting was to gather the different experiences of the work of the Peace Committees in different cities of the Kurdistan Region.
Following the remarks of the Deputy Minister of Justice، the Administration، the Parliament and the High Council for Women's Affairs،
Two panels were held at the meeting،
The first panel was attended by judges and public prosecutors from the Domestic Violence Investigation Courts، which was chaired by the director of the organization (Shokhan Hamershid) and the judges highlighted their work and experience with the Legislature and the Peace Committees and the Peace Committees.
In the second panel، which was attended by the Center for Family Counseling in the provinces and independent administrations، which was chaired by the organization's lawyer (Briar Mohammad)، the directors of the centers highlighted the work experience of the committees، as well as their work and problems.
At the end، an open discussion was held between the participants and all the participants presented their recommendations، recommendations and suggestions within the framework of the group's work.
As an organization، we collect all recommendations and proposals and present them to all stakeholders in a package in the hope that they will be able to establish a unified and comprehensive mechanism for all peace committees and to make all committees and committees work in the city
It is also one of the activities carried out by the organization in the framework of the project (monitoring the implementation of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act) in collaboration with NED
H.E. Ms. Wairimu Nderitu
UN Special Adviser on Genocide Prevention
United Nations Secretariat
42nd Street
New York, NY 10017
7 December 2020
Re: Reparations for Atrocity Crimes Against Civilians Committed During the
Da’esh/ISIL Conflict in Iraq
Your Excellency,
The Coalition for Just Reparations (C4JR) extends its congratulations on your appointment as
the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide. C4JR is an alliance of Iraqi civil society
organizations, representing Iraq’s linguistic, ethnic and religious diversity, supporting
reparation claims of survivors and other victims of crimes perpetrated during the conflict with
Da’esh/ISIL in Iraq. By using language of reparations, C4JR seeks not only to repair harm
done to victims but also to induce greater change in Iraq towards overall respect and
observance of human rights.
You can be assured of our support to you and your Office in strengthening Iraq’s capacity to
prevent genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity and uphold its responsibility to
protect all communities in Iraq.
Since 2003, Iraq has suffered internecine conflict and state collapse, degrading a once rich
cradle of ancient ethno-religions and cultures. During the Da’esh/ISIL created conflict in Iraq,
at least 30,000 civilians were killed, 55,000 injured and more than 3 million were displaced.
Minority communities including Christians, Yazidis, Sabean-Mandaeans, Turkmen, Kaka’i,
and Shabaks were particularly targeted and faced existential threats.
Da’esh/ISIL exploited the concomitant deterioration of religious freedoms as part of their
genocidal campaign against ethno-religious minorities across the Sinjar region and the
Nineveh plains. The targeted violence sought to erase the presence of religious minorities in
Iraq altogether, and particularly of the Yazidis, decried by Da’esh/ISIL as devil-worshippers.
We welcome the efforts already taken to safeguard religious freedom and to counter narratives
of violent extremism in Iraq, such as the Interfaith Statement on the Victims of Da’esh/ISIL
endorsed by religious leaders from the Christian, Sunni, Shia and Yazidi communities, and
supported by the UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by
Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD) and your Office. However, without justice religious communities will
2
continue to face persecution and the threat of repeated violence. The main focus thus far has
been, and rightly so, on criminal accountability for past atrocities. Yet, much wider engagement
is necessary, crafted in close contact with victims themselves. In addition to material
compensation, restitution and rehabilitation, a range of measures falling within satisfaction and
guarantees of non-repetition are necessary to avoid further human rights violations and/or
defuse situations that can lead to outburst of violence amounting to genocide.
We are thankful that one of the themes of this year’s International Day to Commemorate the
Victims of Genocide will focus on reparations. Repairing the harm done to victims of gross
human rights violations should be of utmost priority not only for states where the violation took
place but also for the international community and people worldwide.
We respectfully request the opportunity to brief you on the work of the Coalition during your
next visit to Iraq or via an online platform. In your remarks at the International Day to
Commemorate the Victims of Genocide we urge you to highlight the importance of reparations
for victims of Da’esh/ISIL atrocities and encourage the Government of Iraq to expedite the
passing of the draft Reparations Bill. Finally, we request your Office to consider writing a report
on the nexus between the non-repetition of genocide and reparations.
Sincerely Yours,
[C4JR member organizations]
1. ASUDA
2. Better World Organization
3. Bishkoreen
4. Christian Aid Program Northern Iraq (CAPNI)
5. Civil Development Organization
6. Emma Organization
7. Free Yazidi Foundation
8. Ghasin Al-Zaiton Organization for Youth
9. Hammurabi Organization for Human Rights
10. Harikar
11. Iraqi Institution for Development
12. Jinda Organization
13. Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights
14. Justice Organization for Minority Rights
15. Lotus Flower
16. Methra Organization for Yarsani Culture and Development
17. Nadia´s Initiative
18. National Center for Human Rights
19. Nisha Organization
3
20. Peace and Freedom Organization
21. Tajdid Iraq
22. To Reconcile Organization
23. Turkmen Rescue Foundation
24. Women Leadership Institute
25. Women's Legal Assistance Organization (WOLA)
26. Yazda
27. Yezidi Organization for Documentation
[International Partners]
Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights
Fight for Humanity
Genocide Watch
Global Survivors Fund
Impunity Watch
Madre
Minority Rights Group International
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As part of its 16-day campaign against violence against women, the Women's Legal Aid Organization within the framework of the Gender-Based Violence Group (GBVWG), which consists of a number of non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations The University of Sulaymaniyah and the American University in Sulaymaniyah, under the auspices of the PDO and UNFPA, held their film and sports festivals.
In it, the organizations released several short films, which was an expression of all the violence against women, children, and the gay community. Collaborate to bring about social peace and reduce violence.
As part of its 16-day campaign against violence against women, the Women's Legal Aid Organization within the framework of the Gender-Based Violence Group (GBVWG), which consists of a number of non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations The University of Sulaymaniyah and the American University in Sulaymaniyah, under the auspices of the PDO and UNFPA, held their film and sports festivals.
In it, the organizations released several short films, which was an expression of all the violence against women, children, and the gay community. Collaborate to bring about social peace and reduce violence. لەچوارچێوەی چالاکیەکانی 16رۆژی هەڵمەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی دژی ژنان،رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە چوارچێوەی گروپی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی لەسەر بنەمای جێندەری (GBVWG) کە ئەم گروپە پێکهاتووە لە ژمارەیەک لە رێکخراوەکانی کۆمەڵگای مەدەنی ،بەرێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی،وەزارەتی کاروباری کۆمەڵایەتی ،وەزارەتی تەندروستی و لەگەڵ هەردوو سەنتەری جێندەر زانکۆی سلێمانی و زانکۆی ئەمریکی لە سلێمانی و بەسەرپەرشتی رێکخراوی (PDO) و (UNFPA) ،ڤیستیڤاڵی فیلم و سپۆتی رێکخراوەکانیان ئەنجامدا.
(Public Session) event which is dedicated to discussion about the electrification of the Public Notaries in the KRI in order to raise awareness about the subject, to better understand the system, and to showcase its positive aspects.
This is one of the activities that our organization is organizing with the assistance of the Ministry of Justice and USAID as part of their (Takamul) project.
(Public Session) event which is dedicated to discussion about the electrification of the Public Notaries in the KRI in order to raise awareness about the subject, to better understand the system, and to showcase its positive aspects.
This is one of the activities that our organization is organizing with the assistance of the Ministry of Justice and USAID as part of their (Takamul) project.
Contents
First – Slemani Governorate
Second – Hawler Governorate
(Office of Opposing Violence against Family and Women)
Third – Halabja Governorate
Fourth – Duhok Governorate
( Zakho Office )
Fifth – Garmian Administration
Sixth – Raparin Administration
Seventh – Questionnaire
Eighth – Statistics…
Nineth – Recommendations
Introduction
We as WOLA bore the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the law opposing family violence since its issuance under the auspices of American NED. Due to the significance and necessity for the law for Kurdish community we notably gave attention to the governorates at the beginning of our monitoring. After some years passed the issuance of the law and many of our reports were disseminated on monitoring the law, we attempted to expand our monitoring limits more and cover those places that we did not monitor so far.
To this end we paid visits to many districts of the governorates and monitored the implementation of the law, as it was referred to them in this report, in order for us to know how the level of the law implementation is in those places and at what level it is. Also, our visits to the mentioned places aimed at determining the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law in the places where the monitoring covered and providing statistics of those places in question.
Above all, we could conduct a widespread questionnaire in many places of the region on the law opposing family violence and the performances of the committees and courts for family violence in order for us to know to what extent the citizens are familiar with the law after the law issuance passed many years, to what extent attention was given to legal awareness and to what extent the victims of family violence are content with works of the courts of family violence and reconciliation committees.
In the end, as the difficulties and obstacles were revealed to us while monitoring the law in the different places, we provided the relevant authorities with many important recommendations and propositions, hoping that they would benefit from them and work on them so as to address the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law or at least decrease them so that the law can be effective as it should be.
The procedures of filing lawsuits by the victims of family violence
When someone faces a family violence and wants to file a lawsuit, they should follow some procedures as follows:
Slemani Governorate
WOLA staff members meet with Her Excellency the Minister of Work and Social Affairs of Kurdistan region
And we informed Her Excellency that we want to work on having a place or a house of shelter for family problems not in the way that is used to be.
To make preparations for an extensive work and launch a campaign for improving the Shelters’ situation and understanding their problems and difficulties, we paid a visit to the Director General of Social Monitoring and the Manager of Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. First, to pay a visit to the Shelter House for Threatened Women, we submitted a letter to the Directorate General of Social Monitoring to approve of the visit to Shelter and our legal service to them. After we made discussion with the Director General of Social Monitoring and informed him about the work and activities of WOLA and our project under the auspices of American NED, he offered his cooperation and coordination. And after we got permission, we visited Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. The House Manager referred to that they contact the organizations based on requirements that when legal services are required. Also, he stated that there are women who come to the Shelter should be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital as they have mental health problems. But the Hospital prevents their admission as the subjects don’t have relatives while the Shelter has social researchers who can accompany them. Furthermore, he lashed out that why they are questioned when they admit a case but Sozi Daruni Hospital is not questioned. Moreover, he said that a woman with mental health problem is referred to a medical committee by the judge’s decision. Then the committee is summoned in front of the judge to decide whether the case to be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital. But this procedure is not materialized.
Regarding separating part of Shelter to the family problems, he said that the structure of Shelter was laid out in a way that they cannot split it as it is costly and they attempted in the past but they failed. Also, he mentioned that one of their problems was shortages of monitors and after many efforts they could increase the number of their monitors from the Peshmarga Women Forces. They set up a (4) day training session for the new employees on how to deal with the cases, what the monitor face if they don’t keep the case’s information confidential and emergency. Then he mentioned that the judge of the investigation court for opposing family violence is a good cooperator who visited them.
Later he mentioned that they have a problem which is that a case which was closed without being settled. Therefore, a woman with a closed case does not know to whom she should submit her request letter to leave the place. For example, if she gives up her complaint, the case will be closed but without being settled.
To this end we paid a visit to the President of the Court of Appeal of Slemani Area and requested him not to close the related case unless it is settled and to send letter to the outside courts and other judges to cooperate with us.
Then Manager mentioned that they had mental health problem cases and committed them to Sozi Daruni Hospital. And they don’t have homeless cases for the time being other than one case which has Schizophrenia and who is very silent and without problem. Next, he mentioned that risk allowances should be allocated for the employees of this place, which is one of the problems, and seminars should be presented to the cases in order for them to have social, mental and legal awareness and how to behave and speak when they are present in front of the court. So, we as WOLA showed our readiness to present those seminars to the Shelter cases and employees.
Therefore, as WOLA we decided to open legal awareness training for the cases regarding their being present in front of the court and their answering to the questions of the court.
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director General of Social Monitoring and Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani.
As WOLA we found it necessary to have the views of the lawyers on the law opposing family violence, the drawbacks of this law and their suggestions for better implementing the law as the lawyers play an important role at the courts, settling the cases, working on the laws, discerning the drawbacks of the law, highlighting on the drawbacks and addressing them. Thus, we found their views indispensable.
She mentioned that the law opposing family violence is necessary for our community. It was very good in the past but like other laws it needs to be amended in parallel with social development. Regarding this law, as it is within the framework of a family which is here more run by social parameters and education, its implementation faces many obstacles. Therefore, some families and the community in general accept this law with difficulty. Notwithstanding, the law needs to be amended in a way that the drawbacks at the time of its implementation could be addressed. And efforts could made to organize family relationship with law.
She said that regarding actual implementation of the law, in fact it appears to be a greater loss for women. The family violence offices should have been looked like hospitals in the implementation of the law and should have been organized for solving family violence persistently. And they should have solved the problems not like the courts, i.e. efforts for solving the problems should be made until it is unsolvable. After that complaint letters can be prepared and presented to the court for trial. But if the problem became bigger and even if the plaintiff gave up her lawsuit, they will be punished at least by fines, for example fines of transports.
She referred to that there are many suggestions for the government and parliament. For example, when a motion for a law amendment is drafted resources should be obtained from the courts and organizations, then it can go to parliament not the other way around that the parliament draft the motion then the courts merely implement it and the reconciliation committee is behind and even in some crimes the it is nonexistent. And female genital mutilation is discussed in one article whereas its law, article, crime and punishment should have been looked like any other crime laws or other laws whose articles and crimes hav different punishment seperately. And when protection right is given a place should be set for the person on the same date by a court’s decision i.e. the accused and their relatives should be summoned, a place should be set and the time for returning to home should be set with the consent of both parties. And a governmental foundation should be established for supervising children even if it is for the time being as the government’s responsibility for protecting family individuals and children will solve many problems.
A lawyer who is a member of Reconciliation Committee mentioned that the article (5) of the law talks about sending the complainants to Reconciliation Committee after the investigation is finished and before referring them to a special court. This will not be very beneficial although having a Reconciliation Committee is useful. As when the investigation is finished the parties who are angrier with each other already submitted evidences against each other to the court. So, Reconciliation Committee cannot achieve its goals at the time. Also, he said that in fact as far as he was informed good efforts had been made to implement the law, despite its drawbacks, by dint of a loyal and altruist judge of law and family. And to some extent stability can be noticed in the law through the said judge and his tireless efforts.
Regarding Reconciliation Committee he said, “As a lawyer I am a member of Reconciliation Committee of Directorate of Opposing Family Violence pertaining to Investigation Court for Family Violence. The works of this Committee is well carried out and supervised by Family Counsel Center. Albeit the Committee’s members exert their efforts to solve the cases of the parties, their aim is not achieved. Often it is because the cases remained for too long in the courts and offices of family violence. So, as the problems went bigger, the parties would not be willing to reconcile. Or sometimes due to the notifications made by phone calls, one party might be present but the other one might not be present as their phone number might be switched off or changed. This causes one party to be present and the other one be absent for several times. In fact, this method of notification is legally not valid. Therefore, I propose that prior to filing complaint or starting the investigation procedures, the case should be submitted to Reconciliation Committee. Then the Committee will achieve its aim more. This can be fulfilled by amending the law, which was mentioned in the article (5). Also, as the Committee’s location is away from the city center, the parties having a case is being burdened with difficulties and forced not to be always present in front of the Committee.”
WOLA staff members meet with the judge of investigation court for opposing family violence.
Hawler Governorate
Visiting Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women and having first hand meetings with the Director and each Manager of the Offices of Qala, Mnara and Khabat to discuss on the latest changes in the way of implementing the law, the obstacles and the family violence victims’ situation, we found out the most important issue is the lack of a mental health hospital for the victims. It was unanimously agreed that the lack of such a hospital in Halwler governorate caused a great problem for the relevant authorities and the victims as well.
The Director said, “The cases often need mental health hospital and we don’t know to where we transfer them to stay and get solution. This leads such cases to be referred to
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director and Managers of the Offices of Hawler and Khabat.
shelter houses. As a result, it creates big problems for their employees and other cases.” Then he stated, “ Sozi Daruni Hospital of Slemani is related to this situation but it has a limited capacity and does not admit every case. Therefore, establishing a big mental health hospital is indispensable and work should be done on it.”
WOLA representative meets with the Head of Shaqlawa Office.
Koya District
The Manager of Koya Office stated, “Our Office includes the Manager and (34) employees. Also Taq Taq is within the district of Koya. So, we as Koya Office have a section for this area, comprising of (8) employees.”
Regarding the problems and obstacles in the way of them, the Office Manager listed the following:
The Koya Office stated, “We have a good tie with the judge of Koya court. He is hugely cooperating with us. And as Koya has one judge for all the cases and does not have a special judge for the family problems, this led to the burdened responsibility on the shoulder of the judge of Koya for having accumulated cases.” He said, “This is why there should be a special judge for violence against family and women in Koya district so as to expedite the works and settle the cases as soon as possible.”
Koya Office Manager stated, “Based on the judge’s decision we set up a Reconciliation Committee in 2007. It comprises of six members including:
WOLA representative meets with the Koya Office Manager.
“I as the Office Manager attend with them in most of the cases and supervise the Committee. Moreover, Koya Office has a mobile team who continuously searches in the camps and remote areas with UNHCR to spread awareness and offer help to those who have problems so that they can be informed of the procedures and guidelines.”
Halabja Governorate
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WOLA organizes a seminar on how women should protect themselves at the time of facing violence.
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WOLA opens an awareness training session for the villages surrounding Halabja governorate.
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WOLA holds a popular counselling meeting on the problems of the citizens in Halabja governorate.
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WOLA holds a meeting with the other organizations of Halabja governorate on the problems of women.
Duhok Governorate
1. Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women
This Directorate was established in Duhok governorate city center in 2013. In the Duhok governorate city center there are two offices namely Nzarke Office and Duhok Office. Also, there are 8 offices in the districts of Duhok governorate like, ( Smel, Zakho, Akre, Barderash, Amedi, Shekhan, Brayati and Shangal)
2. Family counsel center
FCC was set up in 2013. It has 18 experts who holds high certificates including doctorate degrees. Up to 3 experts will be available at FCC on daily basis for the purpose of reconciling the families having problems and discussing the problems with the people having cases of violence. At FCC more than 3 cases are received and met daily to bring about reconciliation among them. Sometimes reconciliation gets the better of them. And sometimes it is difficult to obtain and is not solved there, especially with cases who are underaged married girls. The Office Manager said, “Most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, misunderstanding, economic problems and beating.” Also, she stated, “Some cases are transferred to us from the court and others directly come to us.” Then she talked about her view of the law opposing family violence and said, “The law is very good and by which the women rights are protected. In recent years people have better understood it.”
WOLA representative meets with FCC manager.
3. Duhok Office
Regarding the cases the Office Manager said, “We currently solve most of the cases ourselves. At this Office all kinds of complaints are filed. And up to grade four any complaints that are related to women are filed here.” He also said, “In this Office there are 2 female officers and 3 male officers to investigate the cases. To begin with, the Office Manager meets with the cases to determine the type of the case. Then the investigation officer starts investigating them.” Then he talked about that they are at work 24 hours a day to register and solve the cases. Also, he said that even after working hours he is willing to deal with any ad hoc cases either through telephone call or presence.
Later he mentioned that most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, swear words and economic problems. Regarding the complaints that are not filed in the Office are those that are made between man and woman after divorce, especially because of children or other issues except beating, which is registered at the Office, are filed at the police stations.
Afterwards he said, “The women who were under threats are secretly investigated at the time of filing complaints, if need be, so that the woman can be protected. Or she will be transferred to Nawa Center in Duhok at her request and the investigation judge’s decision.” Duhok Office has a very good and continuous tie with the investigation judge and the Centers for cases’ information and solution.
With regard to the law opposing family violence, the Office Manager talked about his view and said, “The law is very good and is applied very well.” Also, he said, “Currently people understood the law. They know how to ask for their rights based on this law compared to the old times when most of them felt shame to file a complaint.”
WOLA representative meets with Duhok Office Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Nzarke Office Manager.
4. Investigation court for opposing violence in Duhok
The investigation judge stated, “The number of complaints increased but some types of problems dwindled. This is due to the fact that people’s understanding broadened more. They look at women and life differently and better consider the rights of women.” Also, she said, “In the old times complaints were only filed for big problems as it was shame in our community for women to be seen at the offices and courts. But nowadays women come to file complaints even for the small problems. For example, women file complaints saying that their husbands prevent them from doing a job, wearing clothes as they wish or going out with their friends. And there are other similar problems.”
With regard to the judge’s contact with the offices and centers, she said, “I am continuously in contact with them even after the working hours to help any case and victim who needs help. And those women who were under threats we often transfer them to the Center to be protected until the situation is calmed down. But in some cases, the women refuse to stay at the Center. And this is due to the community’s trend and people’s gossip. In this case we have the pledge of the other party to punish them if they violate or harm the complainants. If there is any, the complainant can file another complaint against them.”
Regarding the law opposing family violence, she mentioned that the law is very good and applied very well but it needs to be amended and have its legal problems addressed.
WOLA representative meets with Duhok investigation judge
5. Zakho district
Zakho Office
Zakho Office Manager mentioned that due to the broadness of Zakho area and presence of the camps there, a huge number of complaints is filed in their Office. Also, complaints from both subdistricts of Rzgari and Darkar, which belong to Zakho district, are filed in that Office. Also, he said, “Any complaints related to family, even family complaints related to property and estates, will be filed in this Office.”
“Regarding those problems for which complaints are filed are mostly due to misunderstanding among the families and misuse of social media and communication devices. After the complaints are filed investigations are made with the cases and efforts for reconciliation and solution are made by our Office,” he said. “Most cases are settled by the Offices themselves without being transferred to the courts. But if it needs be, which is very rare, they will be referred to Zakho Court. As for reconciliation, they will be transferred to Counselling Center in Duhok.” He added. Then he mentioned that those cases that are under threats will be sent to Nawa Center in Duhok at the request of the cases and investigation judge to protect them until the threats are removed or the cases themselves request to leave the Center, specifically when the authority is certain that they are not under any threats any more. Then he said, “We are continuously in contact with the centers and court to follow up the cases.”
WOLA representative meets with Zakho Office Manager.
Garmian Administration
1. Directorate for Opposing Violence against family and Women
With regard to this Administration, their Manager said, “This has been established since 2007. At first its works were only following up procedures. As the law was put in to practice, the Administration could deal with the cases and investigate them.” Concerning the law opposing family violence, he pointed to a number of cases as follows:
1. This law has drawbacks; therefore, it should be amended as it seems to them the works are carried out with difficulties. For example, the article (7) of the law talks about some routines which are related to daily life like murder cases which should not be investigated by such offices for family violence and should be transferred to police stations by judge’s order. That is, the cases of article (7) of family violence should pertain to misdemeanor court not felony court. But they investigate those cases that belong to felony court.
2. Another drawback of the law is that it did not talk about the wrongdoings committed against men in the families. For example, this law did not mention a case in which a wife attacks her husband or marital infidelity happens.
3. Another more drawback is that the cases should be for the investigators, i.e. in the offices of opposing family violence the misdemeanor and felony investigators should be separated from each other. So, an investigator should view misdemeanor cases and another investigator should view felony cases.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate Opposing Violence against Family and Women in Garmian.
2. The Obstacles in the Way of Implementing the Law
Concerning the defects of this Directorate, the Director talked about that as Directorate of Opposing Violence against Women they have some problems in the way of implementing the law as follows:
v The lack of employees and an allocated building.
v The Garmian Shelter House is not sufficient and its working hours are few.
v The lack of a mental health hospital to be designed for the victims of family violence.
v The lack of a hotline. Albeit there is a special contact number at the Office in order for them to be informed of the problems, it was supposed that the line (119) would be continuously on for 24 hours. Also, it was not made to be used in that area as it needs more than (20) employees. Fortunately, whoever faces a problem or needs to get through to their employees can dial (119) of Slemani. Then, they will be immediately informed of the calling and will be at hand.
WOLA representative meets with Kalar Office Manager.
3. Shelter House for women in Garmian
This Shelter has been set up for 4 years. It has a limited service as whoever comes to it should stay not more than 72 hours. In some special situations and according to the decision of the family violence investigation judge the stay period of certain cases will be extended provided that the Shelter Manager approves of it.
Those cases that come to the Shelter are mostly those who go to the offices of opposing family violence, Office (104) or other offices. No any case will be admitted without the decision of the judge of the investigation court. As the mentioned judge decides to transfer the case to the Shelter, an admission file will be made for her and kept there.
WOLA representative meets with Women Shelter House Manager in Garmian.
WOLA representative meets with the judge of the court for opposing family violence in Kalar
6. Garmian Family counsel center
“GFCC was established in 2017. Those people who have problems and visit it will get counsel and solution their problems. And even if their problems couldn’t be solved there, they would be followed up there after complaints are filed,” the GFCC Manager said. Also, she pointed that whoever wants a lawyer they will provide them with a pro bono lawyer via WOLA. Then she said that the GFCC comprises of some sections including:
v Management section: where management affairs of GFCC is run.
v Service section: It is comprised of legal, social and mental sections
o Legal section: where lawyers and legal counselling is provided.
o Social section: where there is mediation and the parties are called to present them counselling at their own requests.
o Mental section: It only deals with those cases that have mental problems as they identify and transfer them to Health Center with whom they are in contact and meet the cases in coordination.
v Awareness section: GFCC employees supervise this section. They are working on social awareness in all classes of citizens ranging from kindergarten to university students. She also said that they continuously spread the awareness through panels, seminars and training courses from the beginning of the academic year to the end of it, especially at the time of launching campaigns of opposing violence against women.
v Reconciliation committee section: currently it is comprised of (4) members including (2) lawyers, (1) social researcher and (1) mental researcher. They are going to become (8) members in the near future as it was decided by Directorate General of Opposing Family Violence to increase the members to (8), of which (7) members should be employees from Family counsel center as they will be more conformed with the specified time mostly on ( Mondays and Wednesdays). This decision is effective for expediting citizens’ issues in the Committee. Also, the employees and Committee members think that this Committee should deal with the cases before they file complaints and involve in the investigations. For it is the negative aspect of this law when the families are transferred to the Committee after they were broken up and separated. Finally, a Committee member said that the problems are increasing and they are mostly resulted from threats, beating, misuse of communication devices, accusations and marital infidelity.
WOLA representative meets with GFCC Manager.
7. Kfri Office for Opposing Family Violence
The ordinance for establishing this Office was issued in 2007. But it started investigating the cases and admitting them in 2007. Previously it just carried out follow up procedures.
KOOFV Manager stated that the subdistricts of Saida, Shakal, Khan, Sarqala, Kulajo, Koks and other subdistricts pertain to them. People come to them on daily bases at the time of having family problems and file complaints and they investigate them. Regarding the law opposing family violence, he said, “The level at which the law is being implemented is good but we recommend it to be amended as in fact it has many drawbacks. When a law is put in to practice, life, livelihood and tradition should be put in to consideration as tradition is the source of law. Therefore, the committee who makes the law should consider the views of some governors and professors. As one of the great faults of this law is that it referred to examples while in fact there should not be examples in law and there should be generic and plural expression. The law should not say that for example these are violence and confined while it should be the same as Iraqi punishment law as it does not refer to any examples. When there are examples in the law it becomes confined and does not go beyond the examples.”
Then KOOFV Manager talked about another notable fault of this law and said, “Although this law named the Law of Opposing Family Violence, in fact it is not the case. As the law rather refers to violence against women and never refers to violence against men. So, it is an unjust law as man and woman complete one another in the society.”
Concerning Family Reconciliation Committee in Kfri, KOOFV Manager said that FRC is comprised of (5) members including (2) pro bono lawyers, (1) mullah and (2) KOOFV employees who are researchers. And the FRC meeting time is not specified as the meetings are held according to the available cases, i.e. if a case files a complaint and the investigation judge refers them to FRC, FRC meeting will be held. And in the law, it was stipulated that an amount of ID 30,000 be spent for an FRC meeting but until now nothing was spent for them. Regarding training session, seminars and awareness dissemination, the Manager said, “We continuously hold them in kindergartens and schools, especially in November at the time of launching a campaign on violence against women.”
WOLA representative meets with KOOFV Manager.
Raparin Administration
1. Ranya Office
As we met with RO Manager, he said that there is only one Office throughout Raparin area other than that many other villages and subdistricts surrounding Ranya pertain to that Office.
WOLA representative meets with RO Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Crime and Movement Section Manager
Statistics and planning section: where the statistics of all cases that are admitted to them is collected and all information related to the complaints are registered.
Regarding the shortcomings that are in RO, RO Manager said,” We have many shortcomings with respect to staff. Also, we have few officers and employees. Moreover, we don’t have a budget other than the fact that we are financially supported by the organizations.
I asked the RO Manager whether the presence of one Office is sufficient to the family problems in the area. In response he said, “We are under a great pressure. So, there should be some other offices in the area. For example, an office for opposing family violence in each of Haji Awa and Chwarqurna is necessary. Also, there should be two offices in Ranya town so as to decrease the pressure on us and better implement our works here.” Then he referred to that the lack of investigation court for family violence creates another problem and makes them not to be able to solve the cases in a shortest period of time.
Regarding the reasons behind the family problems, the RO Manager said, “The low level of education among family individuals causes problems. As up to date patriarchal culture is prevalent in part of community families. Also, some people who do not believe in legal system do not solve their differences through law when they face violence.”
He also mentioned that there is many violence with regard to economy as most of the cases who come to them talk about that their husbands do not spend money on them. There are cases whose husbands expelled them do not spend money on them and their children. That is another reason behind the cases problems. With regard to marital infidelity and sexual assault, there are less cases. Sometimes there are outside intervention into the family’s life as in many times it creates problems for the family. Also, as the parties do not behave correctly towards one another and misunderstand one another, problems are going to be created.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence
2. Shelter
RO Manager mentioned that when someone, being physically abused, comes to them, they directly transfer her to the nearest health center to be treated and so that they can have initial medical report. Then after they obtain a deposition from her, they will transfer her to a court. Afterwards, the court decides to put her in Raparin jailhouse as they do not have a shelter. So, they are obliged to put her in the jailhouse if none of her relatives received her. Often the case goes to her relative’s house on her responsibility. If there is no one to take care of her, they will transfer her to Slemani Shelter House. So, the RO Manager said, “This is the problem for us and the safety of the case. Therefore, it is high time a special shelter be set up for sheltering family violence victims in this administration. “
3. Hotline
Regarding a hotline, the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence against Family and Women said,” When someone having a problem contacts number (119) they will be answered from Slemani. Then we will be informed about the case. Afterwards, we will help them as far as we can. And we will follow up the case and make efforts to solve it. Often, the case only asks for guidelines and we provide her with them.”
As for another question we directed to the Director whether they have female officer. In response he said, “Most of those who work at the sections are females. But we do not have female officers other than that we have female employees.”
4. Ranya Investigation Court
Concerning RIC, other than the investigation cases, all family cases are viewed in RIC. This is due to the lack of a court for opposing family violence in Ranya. So, this created a situation that they can not differentiate between the family cases and other cases as it was mentioned in the law opposing family violence.
The lack of a special court for family problems led to the fact that they take long times until they are settled. This is why it is necessary for forming a special court for the family problems as it was mentioned in the law.
Questionnaire
In this report we conducted a questionnaire in Kurdistan region regarding the law opposing family violence so as to know to what extent the citizens are aware of the law opposing family violence and to what extent they have information on the court for opposing family violence. Or if they faced a problem, did they come to the court? To what extent the Reconciliation Committee were cooperative to them and made efforts to solve their problems. Then they were asked about the kinds of violence which were committed against them. With these and other questions, we found out that very few citizens are familiar with the law opposing family violence or the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, we find that the relevant authorities should take serious action towards implementing the law opposing family violence through helping the citizens be aware of having such a law.
Questionnaire Results
Age of the participants |
14 - 50 |
Sex |
Both |
Participants’ place |
Kurdistan region |
Question 1: To what extent do you have information on the law opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out 38% of the participants do not have any information on the law opposing family violence, 56% of them to some extent are familiar with it and those who are completely aware of it were very few who are 6% of them. This is why this should be taken in to consideration as the law being issued for many years and applied in the court is known by few people. It is worth to be mentioned that those who participated in the questionnaire were people with problems and visited the courts. So, they should have been quite aware of it. At this point we will find out that if another questionnaire was conducted among people who did not visited the courts, it would be impossible for them to have a reasonable information on the law. This is why it is necessary for the relevant authorities and organization to work more on disseminating awareness.
Question 2: To what extent do you have information on the court for opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
From here we found out as the citizens do not have information on the law, so they do not have information on the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, working on citizens’ awareness of having such a court is very necessary.
Question 3: To what extent do you agree with the Reconciliation Committee members? Could they be cooperative, as required, to solve your problem?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.71% |
45.28% |
25% |
From here we found out that to some extent Reconciliation Committee could play this great role. As the rate is not very high it is for the RC members to play a better role in tackling the cases and bringing about family reconciliation. At the same time more attention should be given to such committee and required budgets should be allocated for them for expert fees and all required provisions. Also, they should be more open handed in their works so as to improve their role of reconciling the families.
Question 4: What kind of violence was committed against you?
Mental |
Physical |
Sex |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
From this result we found out that most of the victims faced violence. In the families, mental violence was committed against the victims like insults, swear words. This is why complete attention should be given to the mental side of the victims. At the time of their visiting to the relevant authorities, efforts should be made to rebuild the mental side of the victims. And mental health hospital should be opened for them.
Question 5: To what extent did the judge and employees of the court for opposing family violence cooperate with you and facilitate your work?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
25.33% |
From here we found out the judges and members of the courts cooperated with the family cases, as required. This is commendable. But those people who do not have good opinion of the courts are not few. And the reason behind this attributed to the legal procedures, enormity of the cases and scarcity of judges and employees. As when a citizen files a complaint do not go to the court because the cases take very long time there until they are settled due to the enormity of cases and scarcity of judges and employees. Therefore, the citizens feel disturbed and discomfort towards the courts.
Question 6: Was the investigation with you made in secret?
No |
Yes |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
Based on the law opposing family violence, investigations of the family cases should be confidential. But this result tells us that the confidentiality that is necessary in such cases exists with a small percentage. There are many reasons behind this among them is the lack of a special court for opposing family violence. Another reason is that the misdemeanor court views all lawsuits and the investigation court has many complaint files. On the other hand, as there is no a proper place for the investigation court, confusion is being made. Also, the lack of a proper place for investigating the family cases, as often it happens that the investigation is made in a small room with the presence of several investigators, leads the cases not to be entirely confidential. And all of these reasons are because of the negligence of relevant authorities.
Question 7: Who committed violence against you?
Husband (man) |
Wife (woman) |
Brother |
Father |
Mother |
Daughter |
Others up to grade four |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0.85% |
0.85% |
16.23% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out most of those who commit violence are males and husbands against their wives. Therefore, males should be more made aware by opening varieties of awareness training sessions through which the violence rates could be decreased.
Question 8: How long does it take to have your case solved at court?
1 – 3 months |
3 – 6 months |
6 months – 1 year and more |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
As the result we found out the problems that are in the courts take a long time until they are settled. Often as the cases took a long time and did not get settlement, the complainants gave up their complaints. This was often due to the scarcity of judges and employees of that court. This is why the relevant authority should make serious efforts to provide more judges and employees for the courts so that the complainants cannot lose their rights by postponing their cases and to be hopeless in filing their complaints.
Statistics
1. The total statistics of the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region.
Year of 2019 |
Year of 2018 |
Directorate |
4628 |
3351 |
Hawler |
2537 |
2586 |
Duhok |
3226 |
2000 |
Slemani |
999 |
1024 |
Garmian |
807 |
555 |
Raparin |
284 |
306 |
Soran |
2. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2018.
Sexual assault |
complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
14 |
14 |
Hawler |
35 |
2486 |
30 |
21 |
14 |
Duhok |
45 |
1909 |
18 |
15 |
12 |
Slemani |
12 |
991 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
Garmian |
15 |
522 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
Raparin |
6 |
290 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
Soran |
145 |
9568 |
107 |
68 |
46 |
Total No. |
3. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2019.
Sexual assault |
Complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
54 |
4494 |
25 |
29 |
16 |
Hawler |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
17 |
7 |
Duhok |
49 |
3427 |
22 |
16 |
12 |
Slemani |
9 |
989 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Garmian |
15 |
579 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
Raparin |
1 |
269 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
Soran |
155 |
11907 |
102 |
69 |
41 |
Total No. |
4. The comparison of statistics of all directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region between 2018 and 2019.
Year |
Killing |
Suicidal |
Putting oneself on fire |
Complaints |
Sexual Assault |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
Difference |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
From these statistics we found out that the numbers notably increased in all directorates, especially those of the complaints. This tells us to work more on the law opposing family violence, make practical steps for implementing it and address the problems and difficulties in the way of its implementation.
Statistics of violence in Mnara Office in Hawler Governorate
With comparison of six months between 2018 and 2019
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
509 |
576 |
Statistics of family violence in Raparin Administration area:
First six months of 2019 |
First six months of 2018 |
236 |
337 |
Statistics of marriage and divorce in Raparin administration area:
|
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
Marriage |
1628 |
1486 |
Divorce |
248 |
216 |
Statistics of Reconciliation Committee in Raparin area:
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
144 |
154 |
Statistics of the courts of opposing family violence in Slemani governorate in the first six months of 2019
Incoming |
Closed |
Transferred |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
Statistics of WOLA cases in 2019
Recommendations
1. Increasing the number of investigation courts in all governorates in a way to keep the cases confidential and facilitate the procedures works.
2. Forming a misdemeanor court for family problems in all governorates.
3. Increasing the number of offices in all governorates so as to facilitate the cases’ works and help the victims due to enormity of the complaints.
4. Allocating required and appropriate buildings for the offices in a way that the places be proper and safe for the complainants and their employees and away from the neighborhoods and having sufficient securities for them.
5. Increasing the number of women at the high administration positions related to the law implementation.
6. Opening shelters for the family violence victims and separating them from other cases.
7. More attention should be given to the mental aspect of family violence victims when the complaints are processed. It is for the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Work and Social Affairs to take serious action to open mental hospitals for the victims.
8. The relevant authorities, especially the Ministry of Interior, should take serious action to disseminate awareness on the law.
9. Working on keeping the cases confidential in the courts and offices.
10. The Parliament should take serious action to amend the law opposing family violence in a way to address all the drawbacks that appeared during its implementation. This can be done through working with the organizations, judges and relevant authorities who are implementing it.
11. Providing the directorates and offices with all requirements of fuels, vehicles and police so that they can play better roles to implement the law.
12. Putting and specifying a generalized and uniformed mechanism for the courts, in terms of having types and specialties of the courts, in a way not to let any court to deal with the cases differently.
13. Appointing permanent and fixed members for Reconciliation Committees and allocating financial merits and administrative requirements for them so that they can play their important roles as a reconciliation committee to fulfill family reconciliation.
14. Working on enlarging and developing the shelters that are currently present so as to become a safe haven for the victims in a way that their safety and future are protected.
15. Appointing mandated or pro bono lawyers for the family violence victims at the stage of investigation.
16. Setting up awareness and professional training sessions for the officers and investigators of the directorates and offices as technology is progressing and electronic crimes are increasing.
17. Transferring Reconciliation Committees to the Offices so as to solve more problems and fulfill more family reconciliations
Contents
First – Slemani Governorate
Second – Hawler Governorate
(Office of Opposing Violence against Family and Women)
Third – Halabja Governorate
Fourth – Duhok Governorate
( Zakho Office )
Fifth – Garmian Administration
Sixth – Raparin Administration
Seventh – Questionnaire
Eighth – Statistics…
Nineth – Recommendations
Introduction
We as WOLA bore the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the law opposing family violence since its issuance under the auspices of American NED. Due to the significance and necessity for the law for Kurdish community we notably gave attention to the governorates at the beginning of our monitoring. After some years passed the issuance of the law and many of our reports were disseminated on monitoring the law, we attempted to expand our monitoring limits more and cover those places that we did not monitor so far.
To this end we paid visits to many districts of the governorates and monitored the implementation of the law, as it was referred to them in this report, in order for us to know how the level of the law implementation is in those places and at what level it is. Also, our visits to the mentioned places aimed at determining the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law in the places where the monitoring covered and providing statistics of those places in question.
Above all, we could conduct a widespread questionnaire in many places of the region on the law opposing family violence and the performances of the committees and courts for family violence in order for us to know to what extent the citizens are familiar with the law after the law issuance passed many years, to what extent attention was given to legal awareness and to what extent the victims of family violence are content with works of the courts of family violence and reconciliation committees.
In the end, as the difficulties and obstacles were revealed to us while monitoring the law in the different places, we provided the relevant authorities with many important recommendations and propositions, hoping that they would benefit from them and work on them so as to address the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law or at least decrease them so that the law can be effective as it should be.
The procedures of filing lawsuits by the victims of family violence
When someone faces a family violence and wants to file a lawsuit, they should follow some procedures as follows:
Slemani Governorate
WOLA staff members meet with Her Excellency the Minister of Work and Social Affairs of Kurdistan region
And we informed Her Excellency that we want to work on having a place or a house of shelter for family problems not in the way that is used to be.
To make preparations for an extensive work and launch a campaign for improving the Shelters’ situation and understanding their problems and difficulties, we paid a visit to the Director General of Social Monitoring and the Manager of Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. First, to pay a visit to the Shelter House for Threatened Women, we submitted a letter to the Directorate General of Social Monitoring to approve of the visit to Shelter and our legal service to them. After we made discussion with the Director General of Social Monitoring and informed him about the work and activities of WOLA and our project under the auspices of American NED, he offered his cooperation and coordination. And after we got permission, we visited Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. The House Manager referred to that they contact the organizations based on requirements that when legal services are required. Also, he stated that there are women who come to the Shelter should be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital as they have mental health problems. But the Hospital prevents their admission as the subjects don’t have relatives while the Shelter has social researchers who can accompany them. Furthermore, he lashed out that why they are questioned when they admit a case but Sozi Daruni Hospital is not questioned. Moreover, he said that a woman with mental health problem is referred to a medical committee by the judge’s decision. Then the committee is summoned in front of the judge to decide whether the case to be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital. But this procedure is not materialized.
Regarding separating part of Shelter to the family problems, he said that the structure of Shelter was laid out in a way that they cannot split it as it is costly and they attempted in the past but they failed. Also, he mentioned that one of their problems was shortages of monitors and after many efforts they could increase the number of their monitors from the Peshmarga Women Forces. They set up a (4) day training session for the new employees on how to deal with the cases, what the monitor face if they don’t keep the case’s information confidential and emergency. Then he mentioned that the judge of the investigation court for opposing family violence is a good cooperator who visited them.
Later he mentioned that they have a problem which is that a case which was closed without being settled. Therefore, a woman with a closed case does not know to whom she should submit her request letter to leave the place. For example, if she gives up her complaint, the case will be closed but without being settled.
To this end we paid a visit to the President of the Court of Appeal of Slemani Area and requested him not to close the related case unless it is settled and to send letter to the outside courts and other judges to cooperate with us.
Then Manager mentioned that they had mental health problem cases and committed them to Sozi Daruni Hospital. And they don’t have homeless cases for the time being other than one case which has Schizophrenia and who is very silent and without problem. Next, he mentioned that risk allowances should be allocated for the employees of this place, which is one of the problems, and seminars should be presented to the cases in order for them to have social, mental and legal awareness and how to behave and speak when they are present in front of the court. So, we as WOLA showed our readiness to present those seminars to the Shelter cases and employees.
Therefore, as WOLA we decided to open legal awareness training for the cases regarding their being present in front of the court and their answering to the questions of the court.
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director General of Social Monitoring and Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani.
As WOLA we found it necessary to have the views of the lawyers on the law opposing family violence, the drawbacks of this law and their suggestions for better implementing the law as the lawyers play an important role at the courts, settling the cases, working on the laws, discerning the drawbacks of the law, highlighting on the drawbacks and addressing them. Thus, we found their views indispensable.
She mentioned that the law opposing family violence is necessary for our community. It was very good in the past but like other laws it needs to be amended in parallel with social development. Regarding this law, as it is within the framework of a family which is here more run by social parameters and education, its implementation faces many obstacles. Therefore, some families and the community in general accept this law with difficulty. Notwithstanding, the law needs to be amended in a way that the drawbacks at the time of its implementation could be addressed. And efforts could made to organize family relationship with law.
She said that regarding actual implementation of the law, in fact it appears to be a greater loss for women. The family violence offices should have been looked like hospitals in the implementation of the law and should have been organized for solving family violence persistently. And they should have solved the problems not like the courts, i.e. efforts for solving the problems should be made until it is unsolvable. After that complaint letters can be prepared and presented to the court for trial. But if the problem became bigger and even if the plaintiff gave up her lawsuit, they will be punished at least by fines, for example fines of transports.
She referred to that there are many suggestions for the government and parliament. For example, when a motion for a law amendment is drafted resources should be obtained from the courts and organizations, then it can go to parliament not the other way around that the parliament draft the motion then the courts merely implement it and the reconciliation committee is behind and even in some crimes the it is nonexistent. And female genital mutilation is discussed in one article whereas its law, article, crime and punishment should have been looked like any other crime laws or other laws whose articles and crimes hav different punishment seperately. And when protection right is given a place should be set for the person on the same date by a court’s decision i.e. the accused and their relatives should be summoned, a place should be set and the time for returning to home should be set with the consent of both parties. And a governmental foundation should be established for supervising children even if it is for the time being as the government’s responsibility for protecting family individuals and children will solve many problems.
A lawyer who is a member of Reconciliation Committee mentioned that the article (5) of the law talks about sending the complainants to Reconciliation Committee after the investigation is finished and before referring them to a special court. This will not be very beneficial although having a Reconciliation Committee is useful. As when the investigation is finished the parties who are angrier with each other already submitted evidences against each other to the court. So, Reconciliation Committee cannot achieve its goals at the time. Also, he said that in fact as far as he was informed good efforts had been made to implement the law, despite its drawbacks, by dint of a loyal and altruist judge of law and family. And to some extent stability can be noticed in the law through the said judge and his tireless efforts.
Regarding Reconciliation Committee he said, “As a lawyer I am a member of Reconciliation Committee of Directorate of Opposing Family Violence pertaining to Investigation Court for Family Violence. The works of this Committee is well carried out and supervised by Family Counsel Center. Albeit the Committee’s members exert their efforts to solve the cases of the parties, their aim is not achieved. Often it is because the cases remained for too long in the courts and offices of family violence. So, as the problems went bigger, the parties would not be willing to reconcile. Or sometimes due to the notifications made by phone calls, one party might be present but the other one might not be present as their phone number might be switched off or changed. This causes one party to be present and the other one be absent for several times. In fact, this method of notification is legally not valid. Therefore, I propose that prior to filing complaint or starting the investigation procedures, the case should be submitted to Reconciliation Committee. Then the Committee will achieve its aim more. This can be fulfilled by amending the law, which was mentioned in the article (5). Also, as the Committee’s location is away from the city center, the parties having a case is being burdened with difficulties and forced not to be always present in front of the Committee.”
WOLA staff members meet with the judge of investigation court for opposing family violence.
Hawler Governorate
Visiting Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women and having first hand meetings with the Director and each Manager of the Offices of Qala, Mnara and Khabat to discuss on the latest changes in the way of implementing the law, the obstacles and the family violence victims’ situation, we found out the most important issue is the lack of a mental health hospital for the victims. It was unanimously agreed that the lack of such a hospital in Halwler governorate caused a great problem for the relevant authorities and the victims as well.
The Director said, “The cases often need mental health hospital and we don’t know to where we transfer them to stay and get solution. This leads such cases to be referred to
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director and Managers of the Offices of Hawler and Khabat.
shelter houses. As a result, it creates big problems for their employees and other cases.” Then he stated, “ Sozi Daruni Hospital of Slemani is related to this situation but it has a limited capacity and does not admit every case. Therefore, establishing a big mental health hospital is indispensable and work should be done on it.”
WOLA representative meets with the Head of Shaqlawa Office.
Koya District
The Manager of Koya Office stated, “Our Office includes the Manager and (34) employees. Also Taq Taq is within the district of Koya. So, we as Koya Office have a section for this area, comprising of (8) employees.”
Regarding the problems and obstacles in the way of them, the Office Manager listed the following:
The Koya Office stated, “We have a good tie with the judge of Koya court. He is hugely cooperating with us. And as Koya has one judge for all the cases and does not have a special judge for the family problems, this led to the burdened responsibility on the shoulder of the judge of Koya for having accumulated cases.” He said, “This is why there should be a special judge for violence against family and women in Koya district so as to expedite the works and settle the cases as soon as possible.”
Koya Office Manager stated, “Based on the judge’s decision we set up a Reconciliation Committee in 2007. It comprises of six members including:
WOLA representative meets with the Koya Office Manager.
“I as the Office Manager attend with them in most of the cases and supervise the Committee. Moreover, Koya Office has a mobile team who continuously searches in the camps and remote areas with UNHCR to spread awareness and offer help to those who have problems so that they can be informed of the procedures and guidelines.”
Halabja Governorate
|
WOLA organizes a seminar on how women should protect themselves at the time of facing violence.
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WOLA opens an awareness training session for the villages surrounding Halabja governorate.
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WOLA holds a popular counselling meeting on the problems of the citizens in Halabja governorate.
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WOLA holds a meeting with the other organizations of Halabja governorate on the problems of women.
Duhok Governorate
1. Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women
This Directorate was established in Duhok governorate city center in 2013. In the Duhok governorate city center there are two offices namely Nzarke Office and Duhok Office. Also, there are 8 offices in the districts of Duhok governorate like, ( Smel, Zakho, Akre, Barderash, Amedi, Shekhan, Brayati and Shangal)
2. Family counsel center
FCC was set up in 2013. It has 18 experts who holds high certificates including doctorate degrees. Up to 3 experts will be available at FCC on daily basis for the purpose of reconciling the families having problems and discussing the problems with the people having cases of violence. At FCC more than 3 cases are received and met daily to bring about reconciliation among them. Sometimes reconciliation gets the better of them. And sometimes it is difficult to obtain and is not solved there, especially with cases who are underaged married girls. The Office Manager said, “Most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, misunderstanding, economic problems and beating.” Also, she stated, “Some cases are transferred to us from the court and others directly come to us.” Then she talked about her view of the law opposing family violence and said, “The law is very good and by which the women rights are protected. In recent years people have better understood it.”
WOLA representative meets with FCC manager.
3. Duhok Office
Regarding the cases the Office Manager said, “We currently solve most of the cases ourselves. At this Office all kinds of complaints are filed. And up to grade four any complaints that are related to women are filed here.” He also said, “In this Office there are 2 female officers and 3 male officers to investigate the cases. To begin with, the Office Manager meets with the cases to determine the type of the case. Then the investigation officer starts investigating them.” Then he talked about that they are at work 24 hours a day to register and solve the cases. Also, he said that even after working hours he is willing to deal with any ad hoc cases either through telephone call or presence.
Later he mentioned that most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, swear words and economic problems. Regarding the complaints that are not filed in the Office are those that are made between man and woman after divorce, especially because of children or other issues except beating, which is registered at the Office, are filed at the police stations.
Afterwards he said, “The women who were under threats are secretly investigated at the time of filing complaints, if need be, so that the woman can be protected. Or she will be transferred to Nawa Center in Duhok at her request and the investigation judge’s decision.” Duhok Office has a very good and continuous tie with the investigation judge and the Centers for cases’ information and solution.
With regard to the law opposing family violence, the Office Manager talked about his view and said, “The law is very good and is applied very well.” Also, he said, “Currently people understood the law. They know how to ask for their rights based on this law compared to the old times when most of them felt shame to file a complaint.”
WOLA representative meets with Duhok Office Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Nzarke Office Manager.
4. Investigation court for opposing violence in Duhok
The investigation judge stated, “The number of complaints increased but some types of problems dwindled. This is due to the fact that people’s understanding broadened more. They look at women and life differently and better consider the rights of women.” Also, she said, “In the old times complaints were only filed for big problems as it was shame in our community for women to be seen at the offices and courts. But nowadays women come to file complaints even for the small problems. For example, women file complaints saying that their husbands prevent them from doing a job, wearing clothes as they wish or going out with their friends. And there are other similar problems.”
With regard to the judge’s contact with the offices and centers, she said, “I am continuously in contact with them even after the working hours to help any case and victim who needs help. And those women who were under threats we often transfer them to the Center to be protected until the situation is calmed down. But in some cases, the women refuse to stay at the Center. And this is due to the community’s trend and people’s gossip. In this case we have the pledge of the other party to punish them if they violate or harm the complainants. If there is any, the complainant can file another complaint against them.”
Regarding the law opposing family violence, she mentioned that the law is very good and applied very well but it needs to be amended and have its legal problems addressed.
WOLA representative meets with Duhok investigation judge
5. Zakho district
Zakho Office
Zakho Office Manager mentioned that due to the broadness of Zakho area and presence of the camps there, a huge number of complaints is filed in their Office. Also, complaints from both subdistricts of Rzgari and Darkar, which belong to Zakho district, are filed in that Office. Also, he said, “Any complaints related to family, even family complaints related to property and estates, will be filed in this Office.”
“Regarding those problems for which complaints are filed are mostly due to misunderstanding among the families and misuse of social media and communication devices. After the complaints are filed investigations are made with the cases and efforts for reconciliation and solution are made by our Office,” he said. “Most cases are settled by the Offices themselves without being transferred to the courts. But if it needs be, which is very rare, they will be referred to Zakho Court. As for reconciliation, they will be transferred to Counselling Center in Duhok.” He added. Then he mentioned that those cases that are under threats will be sent to Nawa Center in Duhok at the request of the cases and investigation judge to protect them until the threats are removed or the cases themselves request to leave the Center, specifically when the authority is certain that they are not under any threats any more. Then he said, “We are continuously in contact with the centers and court to follow up the cases.”
WOLA representative meets with Zakho Office Manager.
Garmian Administration
1. Directorate for Opposing Violence against family and Women
With regard to this Administration, their Manager said, “This has been established since 2007. At first its works were only following up procedures. As the law was put in to practice, the Administration could deal with the cases and investigate them.” Concerning the law opposing family violence, he pointed to a number of cases as follows:
1. This law has drawbacks; therefore, it should be amended as it seems to them the works are carried out with difficulties. For example, the article (7) of the law talks about some routines which are related to daily life like murder cases which should not be investigated by such offices for family violence and should be transferred to police stations by judge’s order. That is, the cases of article (7) of family violence should pertain to misdemeanor court not felony court. But they investigate those cases that belong to felony court.
2. Another drawback of the law is that it did not talk about the wrongdoings committed against men in the families. For example, this law did not mention a case in which a wife attacks her husband or marital infidelity happens.
3. Another more drawback is that the cases should be for the investigators, i.e. in the offices of opposing family violence the misdemeanor and felony investigators should be separated from each other. So, an investigator should view misdemeanor cases and another investigator should view felony cases.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate Opposing Violence against Family and Women in Garmian.
2. The Obstacles in the Way of Implementing the Law
Concerning the defects of this Directorate, the Director talked about that as Directorate of Opposing Violence against Women they have some problems in the way of implementing the law as follows:
v The lack of employees and an allocated building.
v The Garmian Shelter House is not sufficient and its working hours are few.
v The lack of a mental health hospital to be designed for the victims of family violence.
v The lack of a hotline. Albeit there is a special contact number at the Office in order for them to be informed of the problems, it was supposed that the line (119) would be continuously on for 24 hours. Also, it was not made to be used in that area as it needs more than (20) employees. Fortunately, whoever faces a problem or needs to get through to their employees can dial (119) of Slemani. Then, they will be immediately informed of the calling and will be at hand.
WOLA representative meets with Kalar Office Manager.
3. Shelter House for women in Garmian
This Shelter has been set up for 4 years. It has a limited service as whoever comes to it should stay not more than 72 hours. In some special situations and according to the decision of the family violence investigation judge the stay period of certain cases will be extended provided that the Shelter Manager approves of it.
Those cases that come to the Shelter are mostly those who go to the offices of opposing family violence, Office (104) or other offices. No any case will be admitted without the decision of the judge of the investigation court. As the mentioned judge decides to transfer the case to the Shelter, an admission file will be made for her and kept there.
WOLA representative meets with Women Shelter House Manager in Garmian.
WOLA representative meets with the judge of the court for opposing family violence in Kalar
6. Garmian Family counsel center
“GFCC was established in 2017. Those people who have problems and visit it will get counsel and solution their problems. And even if their problems couldn’t be solved there, they would be followed up there after complaints are filed,” the GFCC Manager said. Also, she pointed that whoever wants a lawyer they will provide them with a pro bono lawyer via WOLA. Then she said that the GFCC comprises of some sections including:
v Management section: where management affairs of GFCC is run.
v Service section: It is comprised of legal, social and mental sections
o Legal section: where lawyers and legal counselling is provided.
o Social section: where there is mediation and the parties are called to present them counselling at their own requests.
o Mental section: It only deals with those cases that have mental problems as they identify and transfer them to Health Center with whom they are in contact and meet the cases in coordination.
v Awareness section: GFCC employees supervise this section. They are working on social awareness in all classes of citizens ranging from kindergarten to university students. She also said that they continuously spread the awareness through panels, seminars and training courses from the beginning of the academic year to the end of it, especially at the time of launching campaigns of opposing violence against women.
v Reconciliation committee section: currently it is comprised of (4) members including (2) lawyers, (1) social researcher and (1) mental researcher. They are going to become (8) members in the near future as it was decided by Directorate General of Opposing Family Violence to increase the members to (8), of which (7) members should be employees from Family counsel center as they will be more conformed with the specified time mostly on ( Mondays and Wednesdays). This decision is effective for expediting citizens’ issues in the Committee. Also, the employees and Committee members think that this Committee should deal with the cases before they file complaints and involve in the investigations. For it is the negative aspect of this law when the families are transferred to the Committee after they were broken up and separated. Finally, a Committee member said that the problems are increasing and they are mostly resulted from threats, beating, misuse of communication devices, accusations and marital infidelity.
WOLA representative meets with GFCC Manager.
7. Kfri Office for Opposing Family Violence
The ordinance for establishing this Office was issued in 2007. But it started investigating the cases and admitting them in 2007. Previously it just carried out follow up procedures.
KOOFV Manager stated that the subdistricts of Saida, Shakal, Khan, Sarqala, Kulajo, Koks and other subdistricts pertain to them. People come to them on daily bases at the time of having family problems and file complaints and they investigate them. Regarding the law opposing family violence, he said, “The level at which the law is being implemented is good but we recommend it to be amended as in fact it has many drawbacks. When a law is put in to practice, life, livelihood and tradition should be put in to consideration as tradition is the source of law. Therefore, the committee who makes the law should consider the views of some governors and professors. As one of the great faults of this law is that it referred to examples while in fact there should not be examples in law and there should be generic and plural expression. The law should not say that for example these are violence and confined while it should be the same as Iraqi punishment law as it does not refer to any examples. When there are examples in the law it becomes confined and does not go beyond the examples.”
Then KOOFV Manager talked about another notable fault of this law and said, “Although this law named the Law of Opposing Family Violence, in fact it is not the case. As the law rather refers to violence against women and never refers to violence against men. So, it is an unjust law as man and woman complete one another in the society.”
Concerning Family Reconciliation Committee in Kfri, KOOFV Manager said that FRC is comprised of (5) members including (2) pro bono lawyers, (1) mullah and (2) KOOFV employees who are researchers. And the FRC meeting time is not specified as the meetings are held according to the available cases, i.e. if a case files a complaint and the investigation judge refers them to FRC, FRC meeting will be held. And in the law, it was stipulated that an amount of ID 30,000 be spent for an FRC meeting but until now nothing was spent for them. Regarding training session, seminars and awareness dissemination, the Manager said, “We continuously hold them in kindergartens and schools, especially in November at the time of launching a campaign on violence against women.”
WOLA representative meets with KOOFV Manager.
Raparin Administration
1. Ranya Office
As we met with RO Manager, he said that there is only one Office throughout Raparin area other than that many other villages and subdistricts surrounding Ranya pertain to that Office.
WOLA representative meets with RO Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Crime and Movement Section Manager
Statistics and planning section: where the statistics of all cases that are admitted to them is collected and all information related to the complaints are registered.
Regarding the shortcomings that are in RO, RO Manager said,” We have many shortcomings with respect to staff. Also, we have few officers and employees. Moreover, we don’t have a budget other than the fact that we are financially supported by the organizations.
I asked the RO Manager whether the presence of one Office is sufficient to the family problems in the area. In response he said, “We are under a great pressure. So, there should be some other offices in the area. For example, an office for opposing family violence in each of Haji Awa and Chwarqurna is necessary. Also, there should be two offices in Ranya town so as to decrease the pressure on us and better implement our works here.” Then he referred to that the lack of investigation court for family violence creates another problem and makes them not to be able to solve the cases in a shortest period of time.
Regarding the reasons behind the family problems, the RO Manager said, “The low level of education among family individuals causes problems. As up to date patriarchal culture is prevalent in part of community families. Also, some people who do not believe in legal system do not solve their differences through law when they face violence.”
He also mentioned that there is many violence with regard to economy as most of the cases who come to them talk about that their husbands do not spend money on them. There are cases whose husbands expelled them do not spend money on them and their children. That is another reason behind the cases problems. With regard to marital infidelity and sexual assault, there are less cases. Sometimes there are outside intervention into the family’s life as in many times it creates problems for the family. Also, as the parties do not behave correctly towards one another and misunderstand one another, problems are going to be created.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence
2. Shelter
RO Manager mentioned that when someone, being physically abused, comes to them, they directly transfer her to the nearest health center to be treated and so that they can have initial medical report. Then after they obtain a deposition from her, they will transfer her to a court. Afterwards, the court decides to put her in Raparin jailhouse as they do not have a shelter. So, they are obliged to put her in the jailhouse if none of her relatives received her. Often the case goes to her relative’s house on her responsibility. If there is no one to take care of her, they will transfer her to Slemani Shelter House. So, the RO Manager said, “This is the problem for us and the safety of the case. Therefore, it is high time a special shelter be set up for sheltering family violence victims in this administration. “
3. Hotline
Regarding a hotline, the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence against Family and Women said,” When someone having a problem contacts number (119) they will be answered from Slemani. Then we will be informed about the case. Afterwards, we will help them as far as we can. And we will follow up the case and make efforts to solve it. Often, the case only asks for guidelines and we provide her with them.”
As for another question we directed to the Director whether they have female officer. In response he said, “Most of those who work at the sections are females. But we do not have female officers other than that we have female employees.”
4. Ranya Investigation Court
Concerning RIC, other than the investigation cases, all family cases are viewed in RIC. This is due to the lack of a court for opposing family violence in Ranya. So, this created a situation that they can not differentiate between the family cases and other cases as it was mentioned in the law opposing family violence.
The lack of a special court for family problems led to the fact that they take long times until they are settled. This is why it is necessary for forming a special court for the family problems as it was mentioned in the law.
Questionnaire
In this report we conducted a questionnaire in Kurdistan region regarding the law opposing family violence so as to know to what extent the citizens are aware of the law opposing family violence and to what extent they have information on the court for opposing family violence. Or if they faced a problem, did they come to the court? To what extent the Reconciliation Committee were cooperative to them and made efforts to solve their problems. Then they were asked about the kinds of violence which were committed against them. With these and other questions, we found out that very few citizens are familiar with the law opposing family violence or the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, we find that the relevant authorities should take serious action towards implementing the law opposing family violence through helping the citizens be aware of having such a law.
Questionnaire Results
Age of the participants |
14 - 50 |
Sex |
Both |
Participants’ place |
Kurdistan region |
Question 1: To what extent do you have information on the law opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out 38% of the participants do not have any information on the law opposing family violence, 56% of them to some extent are familiar with it and those who are completely aware of it were very few who are 6% of them. This is why this should be taken in to consideration as the law being issued for many years and applied in the court is known by few people. It is worth to be mentioned that those who participated in the questionnaire were people with problems and visited the courts. So, they should have been quite aware of it. At this point we will find out that if another questionnaire was conducted among people who did not visited the courts, it would be impossible for them to have a reasonable information on the law. This is why it is necessary for the relevant authorities and organization to work more on disseminating awareness.
Question 2: To what extent do you have information on the court for opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
From here we found out as the citizens do not have information on the law, so they do not have information on the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, working on citizens’ awareness of having such a court is very necessary.
Question 3: To what extent do you agree with the Reconciliation Committee members? Could they be cooperative, as required, to solve your problem?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.71% |
45.28% |
25% |
From here we found out that to some extent Reconciliation Committee could play this great role. As the rate is not very high it is for the RC members to play a better role in tackling the cases and bringing about family reconciliation. At the same time more attention should be given to such committee and required budgets should be allocated for them for expert fees and all required provisions. Also, they should be more open handed in their works so as to improve their role of reconciling the families.
Question 4: What kind of violence was committed against you?
Mental |
Physical |
Sex |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
From this result we found out that most of the victims faced violence. In the families, mental violence was committed against the victims like insults, swear words. This is why complete attention should be given to the mental side of the victims. At the time of their visiting to the relevant authorities, efforts should be made to rebuild the mental side of the victims. And mental health hospital should be opened for them.
Question 5: To what extent did the judge and employees of the court for opposing family violence cooperate with you and facilitate your work?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
25.33% |
From here we found out the judges and members of the courts cooperated with the family cases, as required. This is commendable. But those people who do not have good opinion of the courts are not few. And the reason behind this attributed to the legal procedures, enormity of the cases and scarcity of judges and employees. As when a citizen files a complaint do not go to the court because the cases take very long time there until they are settled due to the enormity of cases and scarcity of judges and employees. Therefore, the citizens feel disturbed and discomfort towards the courts.
Question 6: Was the investigation with you made in secret?
No |
Yes |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
Based on the law opposing family violence, investigations of the family cases should be confidential. But this result tells us that the confidentiality that is necessary in such cases exists with a small percentage. There are many reasons behind this among them is the lack of a special court for opposing family violence. Another reason is that the misdemeanor court views all lawsuits and the investigation court has many complaint files. On the other hand, as there is no a proper place for the investigation court, confusion is being made. Also, the lack of a proper place for investigating the family cases, as often it happens that the investigation is made in a small room with the presence of several investigators, leads the cases not to be entirely confidential. And all of these reasons are because of the negligence of relevant authorities.
Question 7: Who committed violence against you?
Husband (man) |
Wife (woman) |
Brother |
Father |
Mother |
Daughter |
Others up to grade four |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0.85% |
0.85% |
16.23% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out most of those who commit violence are males and husbands against their wives. Therefore, males should be more made aware by opening varieties of awareness training sessions through which the violence rates could be decreased.
Question 8: How long does it take to have your case solved at court?
1 – 3 months |
3 – 6 months |
6 months – 1 year and more |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
As the result we found out the problems that are in the courts take a long time until they are settled. Often as the cases took a long time and did not get settlement, the complainants gave up their complaints. This was often due to the scarcity of judges and employees of that court. This is why the relevant authority should make serious efforts to provide more judges and employees for the courts so that the complainants cannot lose their rights by postponing their cases and to be hopeless in filing their complaints.
Statistics
1. The total statistics of the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region.
Year of 2019 |
Year of 2018 |
Directorate |
4628 |
3351 |
Hawler |
2537 |
2586 |
Duhok |
3226 |
2000 |
Slemani |
999 |
1024 |
Garmian |
807 |
555 |
Raparin |
284 |
306 |
Soran |
2. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2018.
Sexual assault |
complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
14 |
14 |
Hawler |
35 |
2486 |
30 |
21 |
14 |
Duhok |
45 |
1909 |
18 |
15 |
12 |
Slemani |
12 |
991 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
Garmian |
15 |
522 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
Raparin |
6 |
290 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
Soran |
145 |
9568 |
107 |
68 |
46 |
Total No. |
3. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2019.
Sexual assault |
Complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
54 |
4494 |
25 |
29 |
16 |
Hawler |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
17 |
7 |
Duhok |
49 |
3427 |
22 |
16 |
12 |
Slemani |
9 |
989 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Garmian |
15 |
579 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
Raparin |
1 |
269 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
Soran |
155 |
11907 |
102 |
69 |
41 |
Total No. |
4. The comparison of statistics of all directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region between 2018 and 2019.
Year |
Killing |
Suicidal |
Putting oneself on fire |
Complaints |
Sexual Assault |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
Difference |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
From these statistics we found out that the numbers notably increased in all directorates, especially those of the complaints. This tells us to work more on the law opposing family violence, make practical steps for implementing it and address the problems and difficulties in the way of its implementation.
Statistics of violence in Mnara Office in Hawler Governorate
With comparison of six months between 2018 and 2019
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
509 |
576 |
Statistics of family violence in Raparin Administration area:
First six months of 2019 |
First six months of 2018 |
236 |
337 |
Statistics of marriage and divorce in Raparin administration area:
|
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
Marriage |
1628 |
1486 |
Divorce |
248 |
216 |
Statistics of Reconciliation Committee in Raparin area:
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
144 |
154 |
Statistics of the courts of opposing family violence in Slemani governorate in the first six months of 2019
Incoming |
Closed |
Transferred |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
Statistics of WOLA cases in 2019
Recommendations
1. Increasing the number of investigation courts in all governorates in a way to keep the cases confidential and facilitate the procedures works.
2. Forming a misdemeanor court for family problems in all governorates.
3. Increasing the number of offices in all governorates so as to facilitate the cases’ works and help the victims due to enormity of the complaints.
4. Allocating required and appropriate buildings for the offices in a way that the places be proper and safe for the complainants and their employees and away from the neighborhoods and having sufficient securities for them.
5. Increasing the number of women at the high administration positions related to the law implementation.
6. Opening shelters for the family violence victims and separating them from other cases.
7. More attention should be given to the mental aspect of family violence victims when the complaints are processed. It is for the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Work and Social Affairs to take serious action to open mental hospitals for the victims.
8. The relevant authorities, especially the Ministry of Interior, should take serious action to disseminate awareness on the law.
9. Working on keeping the cases confidential in the courts and offices.
10. The Parliament should take serious action to amend the law opposing family violence in a way to address all the drawbacks that appeared during its implementation. This can be done through working with the organizations, judges and relevant authorities who are implementing it.
11. Providing the directorates and offices with all requirements of fuels, vehicles and police so that they can play better roles to implement the law.
12. Putting and specifying a generalized and uniformed mechanism for the courts, in terms of having types and specialties of the courts, in a way not to let any court to deal with the cases differently.
13. Appointing permanent and fixed members for Reconciliation Committees and allocating financial merits and administrative requirements for them so that they can play their important roles as a reconciliation committee to fulfill family reconciliation.
14. Working on enlarging and developing the shelters that are currently present so as to become a safe haven for the victims in a way that their safety and future are protected.
15. Appointing mandated or pro bono lawyers for the family violence victims at the stage of investigation.
16. Setting up awareness and professional training sessions for the officers and investigators of the directorates and offices as technology is progressing and electronic crimes are increasing.
17. Transferring Reconciliation Committees to the Offices so as to solve more problems and fulfill more family reconciliations
Contents
First – Slemani Governorate
Second – Hawler Governorate
(Office of Opposing Violence against Family and Women)
Third – Halabja Governorate
Fourth – Duhok Governorate
( Zakho Office )
Fifth – Garmian Administration
Sixth – Raparin Administration
Seventh – Questionnaire
Eighth – Statistics…
Nineth – Recommendations
Introduction
We as WOLA bore the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the law opposing family violence since its issuance under the auspices of American NED. Due to the significance and necessity for the law for Kurdish community we notably gave attention to the governorates at the beginning of our monitoring. After some years passed the issuance of the law and many of our reports were disseminated on monitoring the law, we attempted to expand our monitoring limits more and cover those places that we did not monitor so far.
To this end we paid visits to many districts of the governorates and monitored the implementation of the law, as it was referred to them in this report, in order for us to know how the level of the law implementation is in those places and at what level it is. Also, our visits to the mentioned places aimed at determining the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law in the places where the monitoring covered and providing statistics of those places in question.
Above all, we could conduct a widespread questionnaire in many places of the region on the law opposing family violence and the performances of the committees and courts for family violence in order for us to know to what extent the citizens are familiar with the law after the law issuance passed many years, to what extent attention was given to legal awareness and to what extent the victims of family violence are content with works of the courts of family violence and reconciliation committees.
In the end, as the difficulties and obstacles were revealed to us while monitoring the law in the different places, we provided the relevant authorities with many important recommendations and propositions, hoping that they would benefit from them and work on them so as to address the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law or at least decrease them so that the law can be effective as it should be.
The procedures of filing lawsuits by the victims of family violence
When someone faces a family violence and wants to file a lawsuit, they should follow some procedures as follows:
Slemani Governorate
WOLA staff members meet with Her Excellency the Minister of Work and Social Affairs of Kurdistan region
And we informed Her Excellency that we want to work on having a place or a house of shelter for family problems not in the way that is used to be.
To make preparations for an extensive work and launch a campaign for improving the Shelters’ situation and understanding their problems and difficulties, we paid a visit to the Director General of Social Monitoring and the Manager of Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. First, to pay a visit to the Shelter House for Threatened Women, we submitted a letter to the Directorate General of Social Monitoring to approve of the visit to Shelter and our legal service to them. After we made discussion with the Director General of Social Monitoring and informed him about the work and activities of WOLA and our project under the auspices of American NED, he offered his cooperation and coordination. And after we got permission, we visited Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. The House Manager referred to that they contact the organizations based on requirements that when legal services are required. Also, he stated that there are women who come to the Shelter should be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital as they have mental health problems. But the Hospital prevents their admission as the subjects don’t have relatives while the Shelter has social researchers who can accompany them. Furthermore, he lashed out that why they are questioned when they admit a case but Sozi Daruni Hospital is not questioned. Moreover, he said that a woman with mental health problem is referred to a medical committee by the judge’s decision. Then the committee is summoned in front of the judge to decide whether the case to be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital. But this procedure is not materialized.
Regarding separating part of Shelter to the family problems, he said that the structure of Shelter was laid out in a way that they cannot split it as it is costly and they attempted in the past but they failed. Also, he mentioned that one of their problems was shortages of monitors and after many efforts they could increase the number of their monitors from the Peshmarga Women Forces. They set up a (4) day training session for the new employees on how to deal with the cases, what the monitor face if they don’t keep the case’s information confidential and emergency. Then he mentioned that the judge of the investigation court for opposing family violence is a good cooperator who visited them.
Later he mentioned that they have a problem which is that a case which was closed without being settled. Therefore, a woman with a closed case does not know to whom she should submit her request letter to leave the place. For example, if she gives up her complaint, the case will be closed but without being settled.
To this end we paid a visit to the President of the Court of Appeal of Slemani Area and requested him not to close the related case unless it is settled and to send letter to the outside courts and other judges to cooperate with us.
Then Manager mentioned that they had mental health problem cases and committed them to Sozi Daruni Hospital. And they don’t have homeless cases for the time being other than one case which has Schizophrenia and who is very silent and without problem. Next, he mentioned that risk allowances should be allocated for the employees of this place, which is one of the problems, and seminars should be presented to the cases in order for them to have social, mental and legal awareness and how to behave and speak when they are present in front of the court. So, we as WOLA showed our readiness to present those seminars to the Shelter cases and employees.
Therefore, as WOLA we decided to open legal awareness training for the cases regarding their being present in front of the court and their answering to the questions of the court.
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director General of Social Monitoring and Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani.
As WOLA we found it necessary to have the views of the lawyers on the law opposing family violence, the drawbacks of this law and their suggestions for better implementing the law as the lawyers play an important role at the courts, settling the cases, working on the laws, discerning the drawbacks of the law, highlighting on the drawbacks and addressing them. Thus, we found their views indispensable.
She mentioned that the law opposing family violence is necessary for our community. It was very good in the past but like other laws it needs to be amended in parallel with social development. Regarding this law, as it is within the framework of a family which is here more run by social parameters and education, its implementation faces many obstacles. Therefore, some families and the community in general accept this law with difficulty. Notwithstanding, the law needs to be amended in a way that the drawbacks at the time of its implementation could be addressed. And efforts could made to organize family relationship with law.
She said that regarding actual implementation of the law, in fact it appears to be a greater loss for women. The family violence offices should have been looked like hospitals in the implementation of the law and should have been organized for solving family violence persistently. And they should have solved the problems not like the courts, i.e. efforts for solving the problems should be made until it is unsolvable. After that complaint letters can be prepared and presented to the court for trial. But if the problem became bigger and even if the plaintiff gave up her lawsuit, they will be punished at least by fines, for example fines of transports.
She referred to that there are many suggestions for the government and parliament. For example, when a motion for a law amendment is drafted resources should be obtained from the courts and organizations, then it can go to parliament not the other way around that the parliament draft the motion then the courts merely implement it and the reconciliation committee is behind and even in some crimes the it is nonexistent. And female genital mutilation is discussed in one article whereas its law, article, crime and punishment should have been looked like any other crime laws or other laws whose articles and crimes hav different punishment seperately. And when protection right is given a place should be set for the person on the same date by a court’s decision i.e. the accused and their relatives should be summoned, a place should be set and the time for returning to home should be set with the consent of both parties. And a governmental foundation should be established for supervising children even if it is for the time being as the government’s responsibility for protecting family individuals and children will solve many problems.
A lawyer who is a member of Reconciliation Committee mentioned that the article (5) of the law talks about sending the complainants to Reconciliation Committee after the investigation is finished and before referring them to a special court. This will not be very beneficial although having a Reconciliation Committee is useful. As when the investigation is finished the parties who are angrier with each other already submitted evidences against each other to the court. So, Reconciliation Committee cannot achieve its goals at the time. Also, he said that in fact as far as he was informed good efforts had been made to implement the law, despite its drawbacks, by dint of a loyal and altruist judge of law and family. And to some extent stability can be noticed in the law through the said judge and his tireless efforts.
Regarding Reconciliation Committee he said, “As a lawyer I am a member of Reconciliation Committee of Directorate of Opposing Family Violence pertaining to Investigation Court for Family Violence. The works of this Committee is well carried out and supervised by Family Counsel Center. Albeit the Committee’s members exert their efforts to solve the cases of the parties, their aim is not achieved. Often it is because the cases remained for too long in the courts and offices of family violence. So, as the problems went bigger, the parties would not be willing to reconcile. Or sometimes due to the notifications made by phone calls, one party might be present but the other one might not be present as their phone number might be switched off or changed. This causes one party to be present and the other one be absent for several times. In fact, this method of notification is legally not valid. Therefore, I propose that prior to filing complaint or starting the investigation procedures, the case should be submitted to Reconciliation Committee. Then the Committee will achieve its aim more. This can be fulfilled by amending the law, which was mentioned in the article (5). Also, as the Committee’s location is away from the city center, the parties having a case is being burdened with difficulties and forced not to be always present in front of the Committee.”
WOLA staff members meet with the judge of investigation court for opposing family violence.
Hawler Governorate
Visiting Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women and having first hand meetings with the Director and each Manager of the Offices of Qala, Mnara and Khabat to discuss on the latest changes in the way of implementing the law, the obstacles and the family violence victims’ situation, we found out the most important issue is the lack of a mental health hospital for the victims. It was unanimously agreed that the lack of such a hospital in Halwler governorate caused a great problem for the relevant authorities and the victims as well.
The Director said, “The cases often need mental health hospital and we don’t know to where we transfer them to stay and get solution. This leads such cases to be referred to
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director and Managers of the Offices of Hawler and Khabat.
shelter houses. As a result, it creates big problems for their employees and other cases.” Then he stated, “ Sozi Daruni Hospital of Slemani is related to this situation but it has a limited capacity and does not admit every case. Therefore, establishing a big mental health hospital is indispensable and work should be done on it.”
WOLA representative meets with the Head of Shaqlawa Office.
Koya District
The Manager of Koya Office stated, “Our Office includes the Manager and (34) employees. Also Taq Taq is within the district of Koya. So, we as Koya Office have a section for this area, comprising of (8) employees.”
Regarding the problems and obstacles in the way of them, the Office Manager listed the following:
The Koya Office stated, “We have a good tie with the judge of Koya court. He is hugely cooperating with us. And as Koya has one judge for all the cases and does not have a special judge for the family problems, this led to the burdened responsibility on the shoulder of the judge of Koya for having accumulated cases.” He said, “This is why there should be a special judge for violence against family and women in Koya district so as to expedite the works and settle the cases as soon as possible.”
Koya Office Manager stated, “Based on the judge’s decision we set up a Reconciliation Committee in 2007. It comprises of six members including:
WOLA representative meets with the Koya Office Manager.
“I as the Office Manager attend with them in most of the cases and supervise the Committee. Moreover, Koya Office has a mobile team who continuously searches in the camps and remote areas with UNHCR to spread awareness and offer help to those who have problems so that they can be informed of the procedures and guidelines.”
Halabja Governorate
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WOLA organizes a seminar on how women should protect themselves at the time of facing violence.
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WOLA opens an awareness training session for the villages surrounding Halabja governorate.
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WOLA holds a popular counselling meeting on the problems of the citizens in Halabja governorate.
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WOLA holds a meeting with the other organizations of Halabja governorate on the problems of women.
Duhok Governorate
1. Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women
This Directorate was established in Duhok governorate city center in 2013. In the Duhok governorate city center there are two offices namely Nzarke Office and Duhok Office. Also, there are 8 offices in the districts of Duhok governorate like, ( Smel, Zakho, Akre, Barderash, Amedi, Shekhan, Brayati and Shangal)
2. Family counsel center
FCC was set up in 2013. It has 18 experts who holds high certificates including doctorate degrees. Up to 3 experts will be available at FCC on daily basis for the purpose of reconciling the families having problems and discussing the problems with the people having cases of violence. At FCC more than 3 cases are received and met daily to bring about reconciliation among them. Sometimes reconciliation gets the better of them. And sometimes it is difficult to obtain and is not solved there, especially with cases who are underaged married girls. The Office Manager said, “Most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, misunderstanding, economic problems and beating.” Also, she stated, “Some cases are transferred to us from the court and others directly come to us.” Then she talked about her view of the law opposing family violence and said, “The law is very good and by which the women rights are protected. In recent years people have better understood it.”
WOLA representative meets with FCC manager.
3. Duhok Office
Regarding the cases the Office Manager said, “We currently solve most of the cases ourselves. At this Office all kinds of complaints are filed. And up to grade four any complaints that are related to women are filed here.” He also said, “In this Office there are 2 female officers and 3 male officers to investigate the cases. To begin with, the Office Manager meets with the cases to determine the type of the case. Then the investigation officer starts investigating them.” Then he talked about that they are at work 24 hours a day to register and solve the cases. Also, he said that even after working hours he is willing to deal with any ad hoc cases either through telephone call or presence.
Later he mentioned that most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, swear words and economic problems. Regarding the complaints that are not filed in the Office are those that are made between man and woman after divorce, especially because of children or other issues except beating, which is registered at the Office, are filed at the police stations.
Afterwards he said, “The women who were under threats are secretly investigated at the time of filing complaints, if need be, so that the woman can be protected. Or she will be transferred to Nawa Center in Duhok at her request and the investigation judge’s decision.” Duhok Office has a very good and continuous tie with the investigation judge and the Centers for cases’ information and solution.
With regard to the law opposing family violence, the Office Manager talked about his view and said, “The law is very good and is applied very well.” Also, he said, “Currently people understood the law. They know how to ask for their rights based on this law compared to the old times when most of them felt shame to file a complaint.”
WOLA representative meets with Duhok Office Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Nzarke Office Manager.
4. Investigation court for opposing violence in Duhok
The investigation judge stated, “The number of complaints increased but some types of problems dwindled. This is due to the fact that people’s understanding broadened more. They look at women and life differently and better consider the rights of women.” Also, she said, “In the old times complaints were only filed for big problems as it was shame in our community for women to be seen at the offices and courts. But nowadays women come to file complaints even for the small problems. For example, women file complaints saying that their husbands prevent them from doing a job, wearing clothes as they wish or going out with their friends. And there are other similar problems.”
With regard to the judge’s contact with the offices and centers, she said, “I am continuously in contact with them even after the working hours to help any case and victim who needs help. And those women who were under threats we often transfer them to the Center to be protected until the situation is calmed down. But in some cases, the women refuse to stay at the Center. And this is due to the community’s trend and people’s gossip. In this case we have the pledge of the other party to punish them if they violate or harm the complainants. If there is any, the complainant can file another complaint against them.”
Regarding the law opposing family violence, she mentioned that the law is very good and applied very well but it needs to be amended and have its legal problems addressed.
WOLA representative meets with Duhok investigation judge
5. Zakho district
Zakho Office
Zakho Office Manager mentioned that due to the broadness of Zakho area and presence of the camps there, a huge number of complaints is filed in their Office. Also, complaints from both subdistricts of Rzgari and Darkar, which belong to Zakho district, are filed in that Office. Also, he said, “Any complaints related to family, even family complaints related to property and estates, will be filed in this Office.”
“Regarding those problems for which complaints are filed are mostly due to misunderstanding among the families and misuse of social media and communication devices. After the complaints are filed investigations are made with the cases and efforts for reconciliation and solution are made by our Office,” he said. “Most cases are settled by the Offices themselves without being transferred to the courts. But if it needs be, which is very rare, they will be referred to Zakho Court. As for reconciliation, they will be transferred to Counselling Center in Duhok.” He added. Then he mentioned that those cases that are under threats will be sent to Nawa Center in Duhok at the request of the cases and investigation judge to protect them until the threats are removed or the cases themselves request to leave the Center, specifically when the authority is certain that they are not under any threats any more. Then he said, “We are continuously in contact with the centers and court to follow up the cases.”
WOLA representative meets with Zakho Office Manager.
Garmian Administration
1. Directorate for Opposing Violence against family and Women
With regard to this Administration, their Manager said, “This has been established since 2007. At first its works were only following up procedures. As the law was put in to practice, the Administration could deal with the cases and investigate them.” Concerning the law opposing family violence, he pointed to a number of cases as follows:
1. This law has drawbacks; therefore, it should be amended as it seems to them the works are carried out with difficulties. For example, the article (7) of the law talks about some routines which are related to daily life like murder cases which should not be investigated by such offices for family violence and should be transferred to police stations by judge’s order. That is, the cases of article (7) of family violence should pertain to misdemeanor court not felony court. But they investigate those cases that belong to felony court.
2. Another drawback of the law is that it did not talk about the wrongdoings committed against men in the families. For example, this law did not mention a case in which a wife attacks her husband or marital infidelity happens.
3. Another more drawback is that the cases should be for the investigators, i.e. in the offices of opposing family violence the misdemeanor and felony investigators should be separated from each other. So, an investigator should view misdemeanor cases and another investigator should view felony cases.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate Opposing Violence against Family and Women in Garmian.
2. The Obstacles in the Way of Implementing the Law
Concerning the defects of this Directorate, the Director talked about that as Directorate of Opposing Violence against Women they have some problems in the way of implementing the law as follows:
v The lack of employees and an allocated building.
v The Garmian Shelter House is not sufficient and its working hours are few.
v The lack of a mental health hospital to be designed for the victims of family violence.
v The lack of a hotline. Albeit there is a special contact number at the Office in order for them to be informed of the problems, it was supposed that the line (119) would be continuously on for 24 hours. Also, it was not made to be used in that area as it needs more than (20) employees. Fortunately, whoever faces a problem or needs to get through to their employees can dial (119) of Slemani. Then, they will be immediately informed of the calling and will be at hand.
WOLA representative meets with Kalar Office Manager.
3. Shelter House for women in Garmian
This Shelter has been set up for 4 years. It has a limited service as whoever comes to it should stay not more than 72 hours. In some special situations and according to the decision of the family violence investigation judge the stay period of certain cases will be extended provided that the Shelter Manager approves of it.
Those cases that come to the Shelter are mostly those who go to the offices of opposing family violence, Office (104) or other offices. No any case will be admitted without the decision of the judge of the investigation court. As the mentioned judge decides to transfer the case to the Shelter, an admission file will be made for her and kept there.
WOLA representative meets with Women Shelter House Manager in Garmian.
WOLA representative meets with the judge of the court for opposing family violence in Kalar
6. Garmian Family counsel center
“GFCC was established in 2017. Those people who have problems and visit it will get counsel and solution their problems. And even if their problems couldn’t be solved there, they would be followed up there after complaints are filed,” the GFCC Manager said. Also, she pointed that whoever wants a lawyer they will provide them with a pro bono lawyer via WOLA. Then she said that the GFCC comprises of some sections including:
v Management section: where management affairs of GFCC is run.
v Service section: It is comprised of legal, social and mental sections
o Legal section: where lawyers and legal counselling is provided.
o Social section: where there is mediation and the parties are called to present them counselling at their own requests.
o Mental section: It only deals with those cases that have mental problems as they identify and transfer them to Health Center with whom they are in contact and meet the cases in coordination.
v Awareness section: GFCC employees supervise this section. They are working on social awareness in all classes of citizens ranging from kindergarten to university students. She also said that they continuously spread the awareness through panels, seminars and training courses from the beginning of the academic year to the end of it, especially at the time of launching campaigns of opposing violence against women.
v Reconciliation committee section: currently it is comprised of (4) members including (2) lawyers, (1) social researcher and (1) mental researcher. They are going to become (8) members in the near future as it was decided by Directorate General of Opposing Family Violence to increase the members to (8), of which (7) members should be employees from Family counsel center as they will be more conformed with the specified time mostly on ( Mondays and Wednesdays). This decision is effective for expediting citizens’ issues in the Committee. Also, the employees and Committee members think that this Committee should deal with the cases before they file complaints and involve in the investigations. For it is the negative aspect of this law when the families are transferred to the Committee after they were broken up and separated. Finally, a Committee member said that the problems are increasing and they are mostly resulted from threats, beating, misuse of communication devices, accusations and marital infidelity.
WOLA representative meets with GFCC Manager.
7. Kfri Office for Opposing Family Violence
The ordinance for establishing this Office was issued in 2007. But it started investigating the cases and admitting them in 2007. Previously it just carried out follow up procedures.
KOOFV Manager stated that the subdistricts of Saida, Shakal, Khan, Sarqala, Kulajo, Koks and other subdistricts pertain to them. People come to them on daily bases at the time of having family problems and file complaints and they investigate them. Regarding the law opposing family violence, he said, “The level at which the law is being implemented is good but we recommend it to be amended as in fact it has many drawbacks. When a law is put in to practice, life, livelihood and tradition should be put in to consideration as tradition is the source of law. Therefore, the committee who makes the law should consider the views of some governors and professors. As one of the great faults of this law is that it referred to examples while in fact there should not be examples in law and there should be generic and plural expression. The law should not say that for example these are violence and confined while it should be the same as Iraqi punishment law as it does not refer to any examples. When there are examples in the law it becomes confined and does not go beyond the examples.”
Then KOOFV Manager talked about another notable fault of this law and said, “Although this law named the Law of Opposing Family Violence, in fact it is not the case. As the law rather refers to violence against women and never refers to violence against men. So, it is an unjust law as man and woman complete one another in the society.”
Concerning Family Reconciliation Committee in Kfri, KOOFV Manager said that FRC is comprised of (5) members including (2) pro bono lawyers, (1) mullah and (2) KOOFV employees who are researchers. And the FRC meeting time is not specified as the meetings are held according to the available cases, i.e. if a case files a complaint and the investigation judge refers them to FRC, FRC meeting will be held. And in the law, it was stipulated that an amount of ID 30,000 be spent for an FRC meeting but until now nothing was spent for them. Regarding training session, seminars and awareness dissemination, the Manager said, “We continuously hold them in kindergartens and schools, especially in November at the time of launching a campaign on violence against women.”
WOLA representative meets with KOOFV Manager.
Raparin Administration
1. Ranya Office
As we met with RO Manager, he said that there is only one Office throughout Raparin area other than that many other villages and subdistricts surrounding Ranya pertain to that Office.
WOLA representative meets with RO Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Crime and Movement Section Manager
Statistics and planning section: where the statistics of all cases that are admitted to them is collected and all information related to the complaints are registered.
Regarding the shortcomings that are in RO, RO Manager said,” We have many shortcomings with respect to staff. Also, we have few officers and employees. Moreover, we don’t have a budget other than the fact that we are financially supported by the organizations.
I asked the RO Manager whether the presence of one Office is sufficient to the family problems in the area. In response he said, “We are under a great pressure. So, there should be some other offices in the area. For example, an office for opposing family violence in each of Haji Awa and Chwarqurna is necessary. Also, there should be two offices in Ranya town so as to decrease the pressure on us and better implement our works here.” Then he referred to that the lack of investigation court for family violence creates another problem and makes them not to be able to solve the cases in a shortest period of time.
Regarding the reasons behind the family problems, the RO Manager said, “The low level of education among family individuals causes problems. As up to date patriarchal culture is prevalent in part of community families. Also, some people who do not believe in legal system do not solve their differences through law when they face violence.”
He also mentioned that there is many violence with regard to economy as most of the cases who come to them talk about that their husbands do not spend money on them. There are cases whose husbands expelled them do not spend money on them and their children. That is another reason behind the cases problems. With regard to marital infidelity and sexual assault, there are less cases. Sometimes there are outside intervention into the family’s life as in many times it creates problems for the family. Also, as the parties do not behave correctly towards one another and misunderstand one another, problems are going to be created.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence
2. Shelter
RO Manager mentioned that when someone, being physically abused, comes to them, they directly transfer her to the nearest health center to be treated and so that they can have initial medical report. Then after they obtain a deposition from her, they will transfer her to a court. Afterwards, the court decides to put her in Raparin jailhouse as they do not have a shelter. So, they are obliged to put her in the jailhouse if none of her relatives received her. Often the case goes to her relative’s house on her responsibility. If there is no one to take care of her, they will transfer her to Slemani Shelter House. So, the RO Manager said, “This is the problem for us and the safety of the case. Therefore, it is high time a special shelter be set up for sheltering family violence victims in this administration. “
3. Hotline
Regarding a hotline, the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence against Family and Women said,” When someone having a problem contacts number (119) they will be answered from Slemani. Then we will be informed about the case. Afterwards, we will help them as far as we can. And we will follow up the case and make efforts to solve it. Often, the case only asks for guidelines and we provide her with them.”
As for another question we directed to the Director whether they have female officer. In response he said, “Most of those who work at the sections are females. But we do not have female officers other than that we have female employees.”
4. Ranya Investigation Court
Concerning RIC, other than the investigation cases, all family cases are viewed in RIC. This is due to the lack of a court for opposing family violence in Ranya. So, this created a situation that they can not differentiate between the family cases and other cases as it was mentioned in the law opposing family violence.
The lack of a special court for family problems led to the fact that they take long times until they are settled. This is why it is necessary for forming a special court for the family problems as it was mentioned in the law.
Questionnaire
In this report we conducted a questionnaire in Kurdistan region regarding the law opposing family violence so as to know to what extent the citizens are aware of the law opposing family violence and to what extent they have information on the court for opposing family violence. Or if they faced a problem, did they come to the court? To what extent the Reconciliation Committee were cooperative to them and made efforts to solve their problems. Then they were asked about the kinds of violence which were committed against them. With these and other questions, we found out that very few citizens are familiar with the law opposing family violence or the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, we find that the relevant authorities should take serious action towards implementing the law opposing family violence through helping the citizens be aware of having such a law.
Questionnaire Results
Age of the participants |
14 - 50 |
Sex |
Both |
Participants’ place |
Kurdistan region |
Question 1: To what extent do you have information on the law opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out 38% of the participants do not have any information on the law opposing family violence, 56% of them to some extent are familiar with it and those who are completely aware of it were very few who are 6% of them. This is why this should be taken in to consideration as the law being issued for many years and applied in the court is known by few people. It is worth to be mentioned that those who participated in the questionnaire were people with problems and visited the courts. So, they should have been quite aware of it. At this point we will find out that if another questionnaire was conducted among people who did not visited the courts, it would be impossible for them to have a reasonable information on the law. This is why it is necessary for the relevant authorities and organization to work more on disseminating awareness.
Question 2: To what extent do you have information on the court for opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
From here we found out as the citizens do not have information on the law, so they do not have information on the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, working on citizens’ awareness of having such a court is very necessary.
Question 3: To what extent do you agree with the Reconciliation Committee members? Could they be cooperative, as required, to solve your problem?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.71% |
45.28% |
25% |
From here we found out that to some extent Reconciliation Committee could play this great role. As the rate is not very high it is for the RC members to play a better role in tackling the cases and bringing about family reconciliation. At the same time more attention should be given to such committee and required budgets should be allocated for them for expert fees and all required provisions. Also, they should be more open handed in their works so as to improve their role of reconciling the families.
Question 4: What kind of violence was committed against you?
Mental |
Physical |
Sex |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
From this result we found out that most of the victims faced violence. In the families, mental violence was committed against the victims like insults, swear words. This is why complete attention should be given to the mental side of the victims. At the time of their visiting to the relevant authorities, efforts should be made to rebuild the mental side of the victims. And mental health hospital should be opened for them.
Question 5: To what extent did the judge and employees of the court for opposing family violence cooperate with you and facilitate your work?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
25.33% |
From here we found out the judges and members of the courts cooperated with the family cases, as required. This is commendable. But those people who do not have good opinion of the courts are not few. And the reason behind this attributed to the legal procedures, enormity of the cases and scarcity of judges and employees. As when a citizen files a complaint do not go to the court because the cases take very long time there until they are settled due to the enormity of cases and scarcity of judges and employees. Therefore, the citizens feel disturbed and discomfort towards the courts.
Question 6: Was the investigation with you made in secret?
No |
Yes |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
Based on the law opposing family violence, investigations of the family cases should be confidential. But this result tells us that the confidentiality that is necessary in such cases exists with a small percentage. There are many reasons behind this among them is the lack of a special court for opposing family violence. Another reason is that the misdemeanor court views all lawsuits and the investigation court has many complaint files. On the other hand, as there is no a proper place for the investigation court, confusion is being made. Also, the lack of a proper place for investigating the family cases, as often it happens that the investigation is made in a small room with the presence of several investigators, leads the cases not to be entirely confidential. And all of these reasons are because of the negligence of relevant authorities.
Question 7: Who committed violence against you?
Husband (man) |
Wife (woman) |
Brother |
Father |
Mother |
Daughter |
Others up to grade four |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0.85% |
0.85% |
16.23% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out most of those who commit violence are males and husbands against their wives. Therefore, males should be more made aware by opening varieties of awareness training sessions through which the violence rates could be decreased.
Question 8: How long does it take to have your case solved at court?
1 – 3 months |
3 – 6 months |
6 months – 1 year and more |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
As the result we found out the problems that are in the courts take a long time until they are settled. Often as the cases took a long time and did not get settlement, the complainants gave up their complaints. This was often due to the scarcity of judges and employees of that court. This is why the relevant authority should make serious efforts to provide more judges and employees for the courts so that the complainants cannot lose their rights by postponing their cases and to be hopeless in filing their complaints.
Statistics
1. The total statistics of the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region.
Year of 2019 |
Year of 2018 |
Directorate |
4628 |
3351 |
Hawler |
2537 |
2586 |
Duhok |
3226 |
2000 |
Slemani |
999 |
1024 |
Garmian |
807 |
555 |
Raparin |
284 |
306 |
Soran |
2. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2018.
Sexual assault |
complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
14 |
14 |
Hawler |
35 |
2486 |
30 |
21 |
14 |
Duhok |
45 |
1909 |
18 |
15 |
12 |
Slemani |
12 |
991 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
Garmian |
15 |
522 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
Raparin |
6 |
290 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
Soran |
145 |
9568 |
107 |
68 |
46 |
Total No. |
3. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2019.
Sexual assault |
Complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
54 |
4494 |
25 |
29 |
16 |
Hawler |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
17 |
7 |
Duhok |
49 |
3427 |
22 |
16 |
12 |
Slemani |
9 |
989 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Garmian |
15 |
579 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
Raparin |
1 |
269 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
Soran |
155 |
11907 |
102 |
69 |
41 |
Total No. |
4. The comparison of statistics of all directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region between 2018 and 2019.
Year |
Killing |
Suicidal |
Putting oneself on fire |
Complaints |
Sexual Assault |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
Difference |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
From these statistics we found out that the numbers notably increased in all directorates, especially those of the complaints. This tells us to work more on the law opposing family violence, make practical steps for implementing it and address the problems and difficulties in the way of its implementation.
Statistics of violence in Mnara Office in Hawler Governorate
With comparison of six months between 2018 and 2019
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
509 |
576 |
Statistics of family violence in Raparin Administration area:
First six months of 2019 |
First six months of 2018 |
236 |
337 |
Statistics of marriage and divorce in Raparin administration area:
|
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
Marriage |
1628 |
1486 |
Divorce |
248 |
216 |
Statistics of Reconciliation Committee in Raparin area:
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
144 |
154 |
Statistics of the courts of opposing family violence in Slemani governorate in the first six months of 2019
Incoming |
Closed |
Transferred |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
Statistics of WOLA cases in 2019
Recommendations
1. Increasing the number of investigation courts in all governorates in a way to keep the cases confidential and facilitate the procedures works.
2. Forming a misdemeanor court for family problems in all governorates.
3. Increasing the number of offices in all governorates so as to facilitate the cases’ works and help the victims due to enormity of the complaints.
4. Allocating required and appropriate buildings for the offices in a way that the places be proper and safe for the complainants and their employees and away from the neighborhoods and having sufficient securities for them.
5. Increasing the number of women at the high administration positions related to the law implementation.
6. Opening shelters for the family violence victims and separating them from other cases.
7. More attention should be given to the mental aspect of family violence victims when the complaints are processed. It is for the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Work and Social Affairs to take serious action to open mental hospitals for the victims.
8. The relevant authorities, especially the Ministry of Interior, should take serious action to disseminate awareness on the law.
9. Working on keeping the cases confidential in the courts and offices.
10. The Parliament should take serious action to amend the law opposing family violence in a way to address all the drawbacks that appeared during its implementation. This can be done through working with the organizations, judges and relevant authorities who are implementing it.
11. Providing the directorates and offices with all requirements of fuels, vehicles and police so that they can play better roles to implement the law.
12. Putting and specifying a generalized and uniformed mechanism for the courts, in terms of having types and specialties of the courts, in a way not to let any court to deal with the cases differently.
13. Appointing permanent and fixed members for Reconciliation Committees and allocating financial merits and administrative requirements for them so that they can play their important roles as a reconciliation committee to fulfill family reconciliation.
14. Working on enlarging and developing the shelters that are currently present so as to become a safe haven for the victims in a way that their safety and future are protected.
15. Appointing mandated or pro bono lawyers for the family violence victims at the stage of investigation.
16. Setting up awareness and professional training sessions for the officers and investigators of the directorates and offices as technology is progressing and electronic crimes are increasing.
17. Transferring Reconciliation Committees to the Offices so as to solve more problems and fulfill more family reconciliations
Contents
First – Slemani Governorate
Second – Hawler Governorate
(Office of Opposing Violence against Family and Women)
Third – Halabja Governorate
Fourth – Duhok Governorate
( Zakho Office )
Fifth – Garmian Administration
Sixth – Raparin Administration
Seventh – Questionnaire
Eighth – Statistics…
Nineth – Recommendations
Introduction
We as WOLA bore the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the law opposing family violence since its issuance under the auspices of American NED. Due to the significance and necessity for the law for Kurdish community we notably gave attention to the governorates at the beginning of our monitoring. After some years passed the issuance of the law and many of our reports were disseminated on monitoring the law, we attempted to expand our monitoring limits more and cover those places that we did not monitor so far.
To this end we paid visits to many districts of the governorates and monitored the implementation of the law, as it was referred to them in this report, in order for us to know how the level of the law implementation is in those places and at what level it is. Also, our visits to the mentioned places aimed at determining the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law in the places where the monitoring covered and providing statistics of those places in question.
Above all, we could conduct a widespread questionnaire in many places of the region on the law opposing family violence and the performances of the committees and courts for family violence in order for us to know to what extent the citizens are familiar with the law after the law issuance passed many years, to what extent attention was given to legal awareness and to what extent the victims of family violence are content with works of the courts of family violence and reconciliation committees.
In the end, as the difficulties and obstacles were revealed to us while monitoring the law in the different places, we provided the relevant authorities with many important recommendations and propositions, hoping that they would benefit from them and work on them so as to address the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law or at least decrease them so that the law can be effective as it should be.
The procedures of filing lawsuits by the victims of family violence
When someone faces a family violence and wants to file a lawsuit, they should follow some procedures as follows:
Slemani Governorate
WOLA staff members meet with Her Excellency the Minister of Work and Social Affairs of Kurdistan region
And we informed Her Excellency that we want to work on having a place or a house of shelter for family problems not in the way that is used to be.
To make preparations for an extensive work and launch a campaign for improving the Shelters’ situation and understanding their problems and difficulties, we paid a visit to the Director General of Social Monitoring and the Manager of Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. First, to pay a visit to the Shelter House for Threatened Women, we submitted a letter to the Directorate General of Social Monitoring to approve of the visit to Shelter and our legal service to them. After we made discussion with the Director General of Social Monitoring and informed him about the work and activities of WOLA and our project under the auspices of American NED, he offered his cooperation and coordination. And after we got permission, we visited Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. The House Manager referred to that they contact the organizations based on requirements that when legal services are required. Also, he stated that there are women who come to the Shelter should be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital as they have mental health problems. But the Hospital prevents their admission as the subjects don’t have relatives while the Shelter has social researchers who can accompany them. Furthermore, he lashed out that why they are questioned when they admit a case but Sozi Daruni Hospital is not questioned. Moreover, he said that a woman with mental health problem is referred to a medical committee by the judge’s decision. Then the committee is summoned in front of the judge to decide whether the case to be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital. But this procedure is not materialized.
Regarding separating part of Shelter to the family problems, he said that the structure of Shelter was laid out in a way that they cannot split it as it is costly and they attempted in the past but they failed. Also, he mentioned that one of their problems was shortages of monitors and after many efforts they could increase the number of their monitors from the Peshmarga Women Forces. They set up a (4) day training session for the new employees on how to deal with the cases, what the monitor face if they don’t keep the case’s information confidential and emergency. Then he mentioned that the judge of the investigation court for opposing family violence is a good cooperator who visited them.
Later he mentioned that they have a problem which is that a case which was closed without being settled. Therefore, a woman with a closed case does not know to whom she should submit her request letter to leave the place. For example, if she gives up her complaint, the case will be closed but without being settled.
To this end we paid a visit to the President of the Court of Appeal of Slemani Area and requested him not to close the related case unless it is settled and to send letter to the outside courts and other judges to cooperate with us.
Then Manager mentioned that they had mental health problem cases and committed them to Sozi Daruni Hospital. And they don’t have homeless cases for the time being other than one case which has Schizophrenia and who is very silent and without problem. Next, he mentioned that risk allowances should be allocated for the employees of this place, which is one of the problems, and seminars should be presented to the cases in order for them to have social, mental and legal awareness and how to behave and speak when they are present in front of the court. So, we as WOLA showed our readiness to present those seminars to the Shelter cases and employees.
Therefore, as WOLA we decided to open legal awareness training for the cases regarding their being present in front of the court and their answering to the questions of the court.
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director General of Social Monitoring and Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani.
As WOLA we found it necessary to have the views of the lawyers on the law opposing family violence, the drawbacks of this law and their suggestions for better implementing the law as the lawyers play an important role at the courts, settling the cases, working on the laws, discerning the drawbacks of the law, highlighting on the drawbacks and addressing them. Thus, we found their views indispensable.
She mentioned that the law opposing family violence is necessary for our community. It was very good in the past but like other laws it needs to be amended in parallel with social development. Regarding this law, as it is within the framework of a family which is here more run by social parameters and education, its implementation faces many obstacles. Therefore, some families and the community in general accept this law with difficulty. Notwithstanding, the law needs to be amended in a way that the drawbacks at the time of its implementation could be addressed. And efforts could made to organize family relationship with law.
She said that regarding actual implementation of the law, in fact it appears to be a greater loss for women. The family violence offices should have been looked like hospitals in the implementation of the law and should have been organized for solving family violence persistently. And they should have solved the problems not like the courts, i.e. efforts for solving the problems should be made until it is unsolvable. After that complaint letters can be prepared and presented to the court for trial. But if the problem became bigger and even if the plaintiff gave up her lawsuit, they will be punished at least by fines, for example fines of transports.
She referred to that there are many suggestions for the government and parliament. For example, when a motion for a law amendment is drafted resources should be obtained from the courts and organizations, then it can go to parliament not the other way around that the parliament draft the motion then the courts merely implement it and the reconciliation committee is behind and even in some crimes the it is nonexistent. And female genital mutilation is discussed in one article whereas its law, article, crime and punishment should have been looked like any other crime laws or other laws whose articles and crimes hav different punishment seperately. And when protection right is given a place should be set for the person on the same date by a court’s decision i.e. the accused and their relatives should be summoned, a place should be set and the time for returning to home should be set with the consent of both parties. And a governmental foundation should be established for supervising children even if it is for the time being as the government’s responsibility for protecting family individuals and children will solve many problems.
A lawyer who is a member of Reconciliation Committee mentioned that the article (5) of the law talks about sending the complainants to Reconciliation Committee after the investigation is finished and before referring them to a special court. This will not be very beneficial although having a Reconciliation Committee is useful. As when the investigation is finished the parties who are angrier with each other already submitted evidences against each other to the court. So, Reconciliation Committee cannot achieve its goals at the time. Also, he said that in fact as far as he was informed good efforts had been made to implement the law, despite its drawbacks, by dint of a loyal and altruist judge of law and family. And to some extent stability can be noticed in the law through the said judge and his tireless efforts.
Regarding Reconciliation Committee he said, “As a lawyer I am a member of Reconciliation Committee of Directorate of Opposing Family Violence pertaining to Investigation Court for Family Violence. The works of this Committee is well carried out and supervised by Family Counsel Center. Albeit the Committee’s members exert their efforts to solve the cases of the parties, their aim is not achieved. Often it is because the cases remained for too long in the courts and offices of family violence. So, as the problems went bigger, the parties would not be willing to reconcile. Or sometimes due to the notifications made by phone calls, one party might be present but the other one might not be present as their phone number might be switched off or changed. This causes one party to be present and the other one be absent for several times. In fact, this method of notification is legally not valid. Therefore, I propose that prior to filing complaint or starting the investigation procedures, the case should be submitted to Reconciliation Committee. Then the Committee will achieve its aim more. This can be fulfilled by amending the law, which was mentioned in the article (5). Also, as the Committee’s location is away from the city center, the parties having a case is being burdened with difficulties and forced not to be always present in front of the Committee.”
WOLA staff members meet with the judge of investigation court for opposing family violence.
Hawler Governorate
Visiting Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women and having first hand meetings with the Director and each Manager of the Offices of Qala, Mnara and Khabat to discuss on the latest changes in the way of implementing the law, the obstacles and the family violence victims’ situation, we found out the most important issue is the lack of a mental health hospital for the victims. It was unanimously agreed that the lack of such a hospital in Halwler governorate caused a great problem for the relevant authorities and the victims as well.
The Director said, “The cases often need mental health hospital and we don’t know to where we transfer them to stay and get solution. This leads such cases to be referred to
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director and Managers of the Offices of Hawler and Khabat.
shelter houses. As a result, it creates big problems for their employees and other cases.” Then he stated, “ Sozi Daruni Hospital of Slemani is related to this situation but it has a limited capacity and does not admit every case. Therefore, establishing a big mental health hospital is indispensable and work should be done on it.”
WOLA representative meets with the Head of Shaqlawa Office.
Koya District
The Manager of Koya Office stated, “Our Office includes the Manager and (34) employees. Also Taq Taq is within the district of Koya. So, we as Koya Office have a section for this area, comprising of (8) employees.”
Regarding the problems and obstacles in the way of them, the Office Manager listed the following:
The Koya Office stated, “We have a good tie with the judge of Koya court. He is hugely cooperating with us. And as Koya has one judge for all the cases and does not have a special judge for the family problems, this led to the burdened responsibility on the shoulder of the judge of Koya for having accumulated cases.” He said, “This is why there should be a special judge for violence against family and women in Koya district so as to expedite the works and settle the cases as soon as possible.”
Koya Office Manager stated, “Based on the judge’s decision we set up a Reconciliation Committee in 2007. It comprises of six members including:
WOLA representative meets with the Koya Office Manager.
“I as the Office Manager attend with them in most of the cases and supervise the Committee. Moreover, Koya Office has a mobile team who continuously searches in the camps and remote areas with UNHCR to spread awareness and offer help to those who have problems so that they can be informed of the procedures and guidelines.”
Halabja Governorate
|
WOLA organizes a seminar on how women should protect themselves at the time of facing violence.
|
WOLA opens an awareness training session for the villages surrounding Halabja governorate.
|
WOLA holds a popular counselling meeting on the problems of the citizens in Halabja governorate.
|
WOLA holds a meeting with the other organizations of Halabja governorate on the problems of women.
Duhok Governorate
1. Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women
This Directorate was established in Duhok governorate city center in 2013. In the Duhok governorate city center there are two offices namely Nzarke Office and Duhok Office. Also, there are 8 offices in the districts of Duhok governorate like, ( Smel, Zakho, Akre, Barderash, Amedi, Shekhan, Brayati and Shangal)
2. Family counsel center
FCC was set up in 2013. It has 18 experts who holds high certificates including doctorate degrees. Up to 3 experts will be available at FCC on daily basis for the purpose of reconciling the families having problems and discussing the problems with the people having cases of violence. At FCC more than 3 cases are received and met daily to bring about reconciliation among them. Sometimes reconciliation gets the better of them. And sometimes it is difficult to obtain and is not solved there, especially with cases who are underaged married girls. The Office Manager said, “Most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, misunderstanding, economic problems and beating.” Also, she stated, “Some cases are transferred to us from the court and others directly come to us.” Then she talked about her view of the law opposing family violence and said, “The law is very good and by which the women rights are protected. In recent years people have better understood it.”
WOLA representative meets with FCC manager.
3. Duhok Office
Regarding the cases the Office Manager said, “We currently solve most of the cases ourselves. At this Office all kinds of complaints are filed. And up to grade four any complaints that are related to women are filed here.” He also said, “In this Office there are 2 female officers and 3 male officers to investigate the cases. To begin with, the Office Manager meets with the cases to determine the type of the case. Then the investigation officer starts investigating them.” Then he talked about that they are at work 24 hours a day to register and solve the cases. Also, he said that even after working hours he is willing to deal with any ad hoc cases either through telephone call or presence.
Later he mentioned that most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, swear words and economic problems. Regarding the complaints that are not filed in the Office are those that are made between man and woman after divorce, especially because of children or other issues except beating, which is registered at the Office, are filed at the police stations.
Afterwards he said, “The women who were under threats are secretly investigated at the time of filing complaints, if need be, so that the woman can be protected. Or she will be transferred to Nawa Center in Duhok at her request and the investigation judge’s decision.” Duhok Office has a very good and continuous tie with the investigation judge and the Centers for cases’ information and solution.
With regard to the law opposing family violence, the Office Manager talked about his view and said, “The law is very good and is applied very well.” Also, he said, “Currently people understood the law. They know how to ask for their rights based on this law compared to the old times when most of them felt shame to file a complaint.”
WOLA representative meets with Duhok Office Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Nzarke Office Manager.
4. Investigation court for opposing violence in Duhok
The investigation judge stated, “The number of complaints increased but some types of problems dwindled. This is due to the fact that people’s understanding broadened more. They look at women and life differently and better consider the rights of women.” Also, she said, “In the old times complaints were only filed for big problems as it was shame in our community for women to be seen at the offices and courts. But nowadays women come to file complaints even for the small problems. For example, women file complaints saying that their husbands prevent them from doing a job, wearing clothes as they wish or going out with their friends. And there are other similar problems.”
With regard to the judge’s contact with the offices and centers, she said, “I am continuously in contact with them even after the working hours to help any case and victim who needs help. And those women who were under threats we often transfer them to the Center to be protected until the situation is calmed down. But in some cases, the women refuse to stay at the Center. And this is due to the community’s trend and people’s gossip. In this case we have the pledge of the other party to punish them if they violate or harm the complainants. If there is any, the complainant can file another complaint against them.”
Regarding the law opposing family violence, she mentioned that the law is very good and applied very well but it needs to be amended and have its legal problems addressed.
WOLA representative meets with Duhok investigation judge
5. Zakho district
Zakho Office
Zakho Office Manager mentioned that due to the broadness of Zakho area and presence of the camps there, a huge number of complaints is filed in their Office. Also, complaints from both subdistricts of Rzgari and Darkar, which belong to Zakho district, are filed in that Office. Also, he said, “Any complaints related to family, even family complaints related to property and estates, will be filed in this Office.”
“Regarding those problems for which complaints are filed are mostly due to misunderstanding among the families and misuse of social media and communication devices. After the complaints are filed investigations are made with the cases and efforts for reconciliation and solution are made by our Office,” he said. “Most cases are settled by the Offices themselves without being transferred to the courts. But if it needs be, which is very rare, they will be referred to Zakho Court. As for reconciliation, they will be transferred to Counselling Center in Duhok.” He added. Then he mentioned that those cases that are under threats will be sent to Nawa Center in Duhok at the request of the cases and investigation judge to protect them until the threats are removed or the cases themselves request to leave the Center, specifically when the authority is certain that they are not under any threats any more. Then he said, “We are continuously in contact with the centers and court to follow up the cases.”
WOLA representative meets with Zakho Office Manager.
Garmian Administration
1. Directorate for Opposing Violence against family and Women
With regard to this Administration, their Manager said, “This has been established since 2007. At first its works were only following up procedures. As the law was put in to practice, the Administration could deal with the cases and investigate them.” Concerning the law opposing family violence, he pointed to a number of cases as follows:
1. This law has drawbacks; therefore, it should be amended as it seems to them the works are carried out with difficulties. For example, the article (7) of the law talks about some routines which are related to daily life like murder cases which should not be investigated by such offices for family violence and should be transferred to police stations by judge’s order. That is, the cases of article (7) of family violence should pertain to misdemeanor court not felony court. But they investigate those cases that belong to felony court.
2. Another drawback of the law is that it did not talk about the wrongdoings committed against men in the families. For example, this law did not mention a case in which a wife attacks her husband or marital infidelity happens.
3. Another more drawback is that the cases should be for the investigators, i.e. in the offices of opposing family violence the misdemeanor and felony investigators should be separated from each other. So, an investigator should view misdemeanor cases and another investigator should view felony cases.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate Opposing Violence against Family and Women in Garmian.
2. The Obstacles in the Way of Implementing the Law
Concerning the defects of this Directorate, the Director talked about that as Directorate of Opposing Violence against Women they have some problems in the way of implementing the law as follows:
v The lack of employees and an allocated building.
v The Garmian Shelter House is not sufficient and its working hours are few.
v The lack of a mental health hospital to be designed for the victims of family violence.
v The lack of a hotline. Albeit there is a special contact number at the Office in order for them to be informed of the problems, it was supposed that the line (119) would be continuously on for 24 hours. Also, it was not made to be used in that area as it needs more than (20) employees. Fortunately, whoever faces a problem or needs to get through to their employees can dial (119) of Slemani. Then, they will be immediately informed of the calling and will be at hand.
WOLA representative meets with Kalar Office Manager.
3. Shelter House for women in Garmian
This Shelter has been set up for 4 years. It has a limited service as whoever comes to it should stay not more than 72 hours. In some special situations and according to the decision of the family violence investigation judge the stay period of certain cases will be extended provided that the Shelter Manager approves of it.
Those cases that come to the Shelter are mostly those who go to the offices of opposing family violence, Office (104) or other offices. No any case will be admitted without the decision of the judge of the investigation court. As the mentioned judge decides to transfer the case to the Shelter, an admission file will be made for her and kept there.
WOLA representative meets with Women Shelter House Manager in Garmian.
WOLA representative meets with the judge of the court for opposing family violence in Kalar
6. Garmian Family counsel center
“GFCC was established in 2017. Those people who have problems and visit it will get counsel and solution their problems. And even if their problems couldn’t be solved there, they would be followed up there after complaints are filed,” the GFCC Manager said. Also, she pointed that whoever wants a lawyer they will provide them with a pro bono lawyer via WOLA. Then she said that the GFCC comprises of some sections including:
v Management section: where management affairs of GFCC is run.
v Service section: It is comprised of legal, social and mental sections
o Legal section: where lawyers and legal counselling is provided.
o Social section: where there is mediation and the parties are called to present them counselling at their own requests.
o Mental section: It only deals with those cases that have mental problems as they identify and transfer them to Health Center with whom they are in contact and meet the cases in coordination.
v Awareness section: GFCC employees supervise this section. They are working on social awareness in all classes of citizens ranging from kindergarten to university students. She also said that they continuously spread the awareness through panels, seminars and training courses from the beginning of the academic year to the end of it, especially at the time of launching campaigns of opposing violence against women.
v Reconciliation committee section: currently it is comprised of (4) members including (2) lawyers, (1) social researcher and (1) mental researcher. They are going to become (8) members in the near future as it was decided by Directorate General of Opposing Family Violence to increase the members to (8), of which (7) members should be employees from Family counsel center as they will be more conformed with the specified time mostly on ( Mondays and Wednesdays). This decision is effective for expediting citizens’ issues in the Committee. Also, the employees and Committee members think that this Committee should deal with the cases before they file complaints and involve in the investigations. For it is the negative aspect of this law when the families are transferred to the Committee after they were broken up and separated. Finally, a Committee member said that the problems are increasing and they are mostly resulted from threats, beating, misuse of communication devices, accusations and marital infidelity.
WOLA representative meets with GFCC Manager.
7. Kfri Office for Opposing Family Violence
The ordinance for establishing this Office was issued in 2007. But it started investigating the cases and admitting them in 2007. Previously it just carried out follow up procedures.
KOOFV Manager stated that the subdistricts of Saida, Shakal, Khan, Sarqala, Kulajo, Koks and other subdistricts pertain to them. People come to them on daily bases at the time of having family problems and file complaints and they investigate them. Regarding the law opposing family violence, he said, “The level at which the law is being implemented is good but we recommend it to be amended as in fact it has many drawbacks. When a law is put in to practice, life, livelihood and tradition should be put in to consideration as tradition is the source of law. Therefore, the committee who makes the law should consider the views of some governors and professors. As one of the great faults of this law is that it referred to examples while in fact there should not be examples in law and there should be generic and plural expression. The law should not say that for example these are violence and confined while it should be the same as Iraqi punishment law as it does not refer to any examples. When there are examples in the law it becomes confined and does not go beyond the examples.”
Then KOOFV Manager talked about another notable fault of this law and said, “Although this law named the Law of Opposing Family Violence, in fact it is not the case. As the law rather refers to violence against women and never refers to violence against men. So, it is an unjust law as man and woman complete one another in the society.”
Concerning Family Reconciliation Committee in Kfri, KOOFV Manager said that FRC is comprised of (5) members including (2) pro bono lawyers, (1) mullah and (2) KOOFV employees who are researchers. And the FRC meeting time is not specified as the meetings are held according to the available cases, i.e. if a case files a complaint and the investigation judge refers them to FRC, FRC meeting will be held. And in the law, it was stipulated that an amount of ID 30,000 be spent for an FRC meeting but until now nothing was spent for them. Regarding training session, seminars and awareness dissemination, the Manager said, “We continuously hold them in kindergartens and schools, especially in November at the time of launching a campaign on violence against women.”
WOLA representative meets with KOOFV Manager.
Raparin Administration
1. Ranya Office
As we met with RO Manager, he said that there is only one Office throughout Raparin area other than that many other villages and subdistricts surrounding Ranya pertain to that Office.
WOLA representative meets with RO Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Crime and Movement Section Manager
Statistics and planning section: where the statistics of all cases that are admitted to them is collected and all information related to the complaints are registered.
Regarding the shortcomings that are in RO, RO Manager said,” We have many shortcomings with respect to staff. Also, we have few officers and employees. Moreover, we don’t have a budget other than the fact that we are financially supported by the organizations.
I asked the RO Manager whether the presence of one Office is sufficient to the family problems in the area. In response he said, “We are under a great pressure. So, there should be some other offices in the area. For example, an office for opposing family violence in each of Haji Awa and Chwarqurna is necessary. Also, there should be two offices in Ranya town so as to decrease the pressure on us and better implement our works here.” Then he referred to that the lack of investigation court for family violence creates another problem and makes them not to be able to solve the cases in a shortest period of time.
Regarding the reasons behind the family problems, the RO Manager said, “The low level of education among family individuals causes problems. As up to date patriarchal culture is prevalent in part of community families. Also, some people who do not believe in legal system do not solve their differences through law when they face violence.”
He also mentioned that there is many violence with regard to economy as most of the cases who come to them talk about that their husbands do not spend money on them. There are cases whose husbands expelled them do not spend money on them and their children. That is another reason behind the cases problems. With regard to marital infidelity and sexual assault, there are less cases. Sometimes there are outside intervention into the family’s life as in many times it creates problems for the family. Also, as the parties do not behave correctly towards one another and misunderstand one another, problems are going to be created.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence
2. Shelter
RO Manager mentioned that when someone, being physically abused, comes to them, they directly transfer her to the nearest health center to be treated and so that they can have initial medical report. Then after they obtain a deposition from her, they will transfer her to a court. Afterwards, the court decides to put her in Raparin jailhouse as they do not have a shelter. So, they are obliged to put her in the jailhouse if none of her relatives received her. Often the case goes to her relative’s house on her responsibility. If there is no one to take care of her, they will transfer her to Slemani Shelter House. So, the RO Manager said, “This is the problem for us and the safety of the case. Therefore, it is high time a special shelter be set up for sheltering family violence victims in this administration. “
3. Hotline
Regarding a hotline, the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence against Family and Women said,” When someone having a problem contacts number (119) they will be answered from Slemani. Then we will be informed about the case. Afterwards, we will help them as far as we can. And we will follow up the case and make efforts to solve it. Often, the case only asks for guidelines and we provide her with them.”
As for another question we directed to the Director whether they have female officer. In response he said, “Most of those who work at the sections are females. But we do not have female officers other than that we have female employees.”
4. Ranya Investigation Court
Concerning RIC, other than the investigation cases, all family cases are viewed in RIC. This is due to the lack of a court for opposing family violence in Ranya. So, this created a situation that they can not differentiate between the family cases and other cases as it was mentioned in the law opposing family violence.
The lack of a special court for family problems led to the fact that they take long times until they are settled. This is why it is necessary for forming a special court for the family problems as it was mentioned in the law.
Questionnaire
In this report we conducted a questionnaire in Kurdistan region regarding the law opposing family violence so as to know to what extent the citizens are aware of the law opposing family violence and to what extent they have information on the court for opposing family violence. Or if they faced a problem, did they come to the court? To what extent the Reconciliation Committee were cooperative to them and made efforts to solve their problems. Then they were asked about the kinds of violence which were committed against them. With these and other questions, we found out that very few citizens are familiar with the law opposing family violence or the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, we find that the relevant authorities should take serious action towards implementing the law opposing family violence through helping the citizens be aware of having such a law.
Questionnaire Results
Age of the participants |
14 - 50 |
Sex |
Both |
Participants’ place |
Kurdistan region |
Question 1: To what extent do you have information on the law opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out 38% of the participants do not have any information on the law opposing family violence, 56% of them to some extent are familiar with it and those who are completely aware of it were very few who are 6% of them. This is why this should be taken in to consideration as the law being issued for many years and applied in the court is known by few people. It is worth to be mentioned that those who participated in the questionnaire were people with problems and visited the courts. So, they should have been quite aware of it. At this point we will find out that if another questionnaire was conducted among people who did not visited the courts, it would be impossible for them to have a reasonable information on the law. This is why it is necessary for the relevant authorities and organization to work more on disseminating awareness.
Question 2: To what extent do you have information on the court for opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
From here we found out as the citizens do not have information on the law, so they do not have information on the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, working on citizens’ awareness of having such a court is very necessary.
Question 3: To what extent do you agree with the Reconciliation Committee members? Could they be cooperative, as required, to solve your problem?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.71% |
45.28% |
25% |
From here we found out that to some extent Reconciliation Committee could play this great role. As the rate is not very high it is for the RC members to play a better role in tackling the cases and bringing about family reconciliation. At the same time more attention should be given to such committee and required budgets should be allocated for them for expert fees and all required provisions. Also, they should be more open handed in their works so as to improve their role of reconciling the families.
Question 4: What kind of violence was committed against you?
Mental |
Physical |
Sex |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
From this result we found out that most of the victims faced violence. In the families, mental violence was committed against the victims like insults, swear words. This is why complete attention should be given to the mental side of the victims. At the time of their visiting to the relevant authorities, efforts should be made to rebuild the mental side of the victims. And mental health hospital should be opened for them.
Question 5: To what extent did the judge and employees of the court for opposing family violence cooperate with you and facilitate your work?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
25.33% |
From here we found out the judges and members of the courts cooperated with the family cases, as required. This is commendable. But those people who do not have good opinion of the courts are not few. And the reason behind this attributed to the legal procedures, enormity of the cases and scarcity of judges and employees. As when a citizen files a complaint do not go to the court because the cases take very long time there until they are settled due to the enormity of cases and scarcity of judges and employees. Therefore, the citizens feel disturbed and discomfort towards the courts.
Question 6: Was the investigation with you made in secret?
No |
Yes |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
Based on the law opposing family violence, investigations of the family cases should be confidential. But this result tells us that the confidentiality that is necessary in such cases exists with a small percentage. There are many reasons behind this among them is the lack of a special court for opposing family violence. Another reason is that the misdemeanor court views all lawsuits and the investigation court has many complaint files. On the other hand, as there is no a proper place for the investigation court, confusion is being made. Also, the lack of a proper place for investigating the family cases, as often it happens that the investigation is made in a small room with the presence of several investigators, leads the cases not to be entirely confidential. And all of these reasons are because of the negligence of relevant authorities.
Question 7: Who committed violence against you?
Husband (man) |
Wife (woman) |
Brother |
Father |
Mother |
Daughter |
Others up to grade four |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0.85% |
0.85% |
16.23% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out most of those who commit violence are males and husbands against their wives. Therefore, males should be more made aware by opening varieties of awareness training sessions through which the violence rates could be decreased.
Question 8: How long does it take to have your case solved at court?
1 – 3 months |
3 – 6 months |
6 months – 1 year and more |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
As the result we found out the problems that are in the courts take a long time until they are settled. Often as the cases took a long time and did not get settlement, the complainants gave up their complaints. This was often due to the scarcity of judges and employees of that court. This is why the relevant authority should make serious efforts to provide more judges and employees for the courts so that the complainants cannot lose their rights by postponing their cases and to be hopeless in filing their complaints.
Statistics
1. The total statistics of the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region.
Year of 2019 |
Year of 2018 |
Directorate |
4628 |
3351 |
Hawler |
2537 |
2586 |
Duhok |
3226 |
2000 |
Slemani |
999 |
1024 |
Garmian |
807 |
555 |
Raparin |
284 |
306 |
Soran |
2. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2018.
Sexual assault |
complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
14 |
14 |
Hawler |
35 |
2486 |
30 |
21 |
14 |
Duhok |
45 |
1909 |
18 |
15 |
12 |
Slemani |
12 |
991 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
Garmian |
15 |
522 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
Raparin |
6 |
290 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
Soran |
145 |
9568 |
107 |
68 |
46 |
Total No. |
3. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2019.
Sexual assault |
Complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
54 |
4494 |
25 |
29 |
16 |
Hawler |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
17 |
7 |
Duhok |
49 |
3427 |
22 |
16 |
12 |
Slemani |
9 |
989 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Garmian |
15 |
579 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
Raparin |
1 |
269 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
Soran |
155 |
11907 |
102 |
69 |
41 |
Total No. |
4. The comparison of statistics of all directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region between 2018 and 2019.
Year |
Killing |
Suicidal |
Putting oneself on fire |
Complaints |
Sexual Assault |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
Difference |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
From these statistics we found out that the numbers notably increased in all directorates, especially those of the complaints. This tells us to work more on the law opposing family violence, make practical steps for implementing it and address the problems and difficulties in the way of its implementation.
Statistics of violence in Mnara Office in Hawler Governorate
With comparison of six months between 2018 and 2019
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
509 |
576 |
Statistics of family violence in Raparin Administration area:
First six months of 2019 |
First six months of 2018 |
236 |
337 |
Statistics of marriage and divorce in Raparin administration area:
|
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
Marriage |
1628 |
1486 |
Divorce |
248 |
216 |
Statistics of Reconciliation Committee in Raparin area:
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
144 |
154 |
Statistics of the courts of opposing family violence in Slemani governorate in the first six months of 2019
Incoming |
Closed |
Transferred |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
Statistics of WOLA cases in 2019
Recommendations
1. Increasing the number of investigation courts in all governorates in a way to keep the cases confidential and facilitate the procedures works.
2. Forming a misdemeanor court for family problems in all governorates.
3. Increasing the number of offices in all governorates so as to facilitate the cases’ works and help the victims due to enormity of the complaints.
4. Allocating required and appropriate buildings for the offices in a way that the places be proper and safe for the complainants and their employees and away from the neighborhoods and having sufficient securities for them.
5. Increasing the number of women at the high administration positions related to the law implementation.
6. Opening shelters for the family violence victims and separating them from other cases.
7. More attention should be given to the mental aspect of family violence victims when the complaints are processed. It is for the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Work and Social Affairs to take serious action to open mental hospitals for the victims.
8. The relevant authorities, especially the Ministry of Interior, should take serious action to disseminate awareness on the law.
9. Working on keeping the cases confidential in the courts and offices.
10. The Parliament should take serious action to amend the law opposing family violence in a way to address all the drawbacks that appeared during its implementation. This can be done through working with the organizations, judges and relevant authorities who are implementing it.
11. Providing the directorates and offices with all requirements of fuels, vehicles and police so that they can play better roles to implement the law.
12. Putting and specifying a generalized and uniformed mechanism for the courts, in terms of having types and specialties of the courts, in a way not to let any court to deal with the cases differently.
13. Appointing permanent and fixed members for Reconciliation Committees and allocating financial merits and administrative requirements for them so that they can play their important roles as a reconciliation committee to fulfill family reconciliation.
14. Working on enlarging and developing the shelters that are currently present so as to become a safe haven for the victims in a way that their safety and future are protected.
15. Appointing mandated or pro bono lawyers for the family violence victims at the stage of investigation.
16. Setting up awareness and professional training sessions for the officers and investigators of the directorates and offices as technology is progressing and electronic crimes are increasing.
17. Transferring Reconciliation Committees to the Offices so as to solve more problems and fulfill more family reconciliations
المنظمة النسائية للمساعدة القانونية
تحت رعاية NED الأمريكية
تقرير مراقبة التنفيذ
قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري
إقليم كردستان - العراق
2020
تم اعدادها من قبل
عاملين المشروع
محتويات
أولاً - محافظة السليمانية
ثانياً - محافظة اربيل
( مكتب مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة)
ثالثا - محافظة حلبجة
رابعاً: محافظة دهوك
( مكتب زاخو )
خامساً - ادارة كةرميان
سادسا - إدارة رابرين
سابعاً - استبيان
ثامناً - الإحصاء ...
التاسع – التوصيات
المقدمة
نحن كالمنظمة نتحمل مسؤولية مراقبة تنفيذ القانون المكافحة للعنف الأسري منذ صدوره تحت رعاية NED الأمريكية. نظرًا لأهمية وضرورة القانون بالنسبة للمجتمع الكوردي، فقد أولينا اهتمامًا خاصًا للمحافظات في بداية مراقبتنا. بعد مرور بضع سنوات على إصدار القانون ونشر العديد من تقاريرنا حول مراقبة القانون ، حاولنا توسيع حدود المراقبة بشكل أكبر وتغطية تلك الأماكن التي لم نرصدها حتى الآن.
تحقيقا لهذه الغاية قمنا بزيارات إلى العديد من أحياء المحافظات وراقبنا تنفيذ القانون ، كما هو مشار إليه في هذا التقرير ، حتى نتمكن من معرفة مستوى تطبيق القانون في تلك الأماكن وفي أي المستوى هو. كما تهدف زياراتنا للأماكن المذكورة إلى تحديد الصعوبات والعقبات التي تعترض امام تطبيق القانون في الأماكن التي يغطيها الرصد وتقديم إحصائيات عن تلك الأماكن.
قبل كل شيء ، يمكننا إجراء استبيان على نطاق واسع في العديد من الأماكن في الاقليم حول القانون لمكافحة العنف الأسري وأداء اللجان والمحاكم الخاصة بالعنف العائلي حتى نتمكن من معرفة مدى معرفة المواطنين بالقانون بعد مر إصدار القانون لسنوات عديدة ، إلى أي مدى تم إيلاء الاهتمام للوعي القانوني وإلى أي مدى يكتفي ضحايا العنف الأسري بأعمال محاكم العنف الأسري ولجان المصالحة.
في النهاية ، حيث تم الكشف عن الصعوبات والعقبات التي واجهتنا أثناء مراقبة القانون في الأماكن المختلفة ، قدمنا للسلطات المعنية العديد من التوصيات والمقترحات المهمة ، على أمل أن تستفيد منها وتعمل عليها من أجل معالجة الصعوبات والعقبات امام تطبيق القانون أو على الأقل تخفيضها حتى يكون القانون فعالاً كما ينبغي.
إجراءات رفع دعاوى ضحايا العنف الأسري
عندما يواجه شخص ما عنفًا عائليًا ويريد رفع دعوى قضائية ، يجب عليه اتباع بعض الإجراءات على النحو التالي:
محافظة السليمانية
وردا على ذلك قالت معاليها: "المشكلة هي أن جميع النساء يوضعن في هذا المكان". وأضافت ، "أثناء زيارة شيلتركةرميان ، اكتشفت أن الأمر كان سيئًا. ناقشت مع كل قضية في
شيلتر سليمانية،
جميعهم لديهم مشاكل قانونية.
شيلتر اربيل لديه
مشكلة مكان لأنها صغيرة وبجوار مركز الخوض. شيلتردهوك لديه مبنى جيد ومنظم للغاية ، كما كان
منسوبة لإدارتهم. المخصصات النثرية للشيلترات قليلة جدا ". كما أشارت معاليها إلى أن العمل مع المنظمات مهم للغاية حيث يقوم بعضها بتمويل الشيلترات. إلى جانب ذلك ، أبلغنا سيادتها بأهمية العمل في مستشفى سوزي دةروني. علاوة على ذلك ، أوضحنا أنه إذا تم نقل المريض الى المستشفى ، فيجب أن يكون لديه مرافق. ولكن هناك نساء ، في شيلترات، يجب نقلهن الى مستشفى سوزي داروني ولكن ليس لديهن مرافقات. لذا ، هذه مشكلة. وأشارت معاليها إلى أنها يمكن أن تفصل بين مكان لمشاكل الأسرة في شيلتر سليمانية ولكن إذا كانت أنواع الضحايا مختلطة ، فسوف ينعكس ذلك بشكل سيء عليهم. كما أبلغنا سيادتها بأن لدينا خطة لإطلاق حملة للحصول على شيلتر خاص لمشاكل الأسرة ومعاليها وجدت انها معقولة.
تلتقي عاملات المنظمة مع معالي وزيرة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية في إقليم كردستان
للتحضير لعمل مكثف وبدء حملة لتحسين وضع الشيلترات وفهم مشاكلهم وصعوباتهم ، قمنا بزيارة المدير العام للرصد الاجتماعي ومدير بيت شيلتر للنساء المهددات في سليمانية. أولاً ، للقيام بزيارة إلى بيت الشيلتر للنساء المعرضات للخطر ، قدمنا رسالة إلى المديرية العامة للرصد الاجتماعي للموافقة على زيارة الشيلتروخدماتنا القانونية لهم. بعد أن أجرينا مناقشات مع المدير العام للرصد الاجتماعي وأخبرناه بعمل وأنشطة المنظمة ومشروعنا تحت رعاية NED الأمريكية ، قدم تعاونه وتنسيقه. وبعد الحصول على إذن ، قمنا بزيارة بيت الشيلتر للنساء المعرضات للخطر في سليمانية. وأشار مدير البيت إلى أنهم يتصلون بالمنظمات بناءً على المتطلبات التي تتطلب الخدمات القانونية. وذكر أيضا أن هناك نساء يأتين إلى الشيلتر يجب نقلهن الى مستشفى سوزي داروني بسبب مشاكل صحية نفسية. لكن المستشفى يمنع دخولهم لأن الأشخاص ليس لديهم أقارب في حين أن المأوى لديه باحثون اجتماعيون يمكنهم مرافقتهم. وعلاوة على ذلك ، انتقد أنه لماذا يتم استجوابهم عندما يقبلون قضية ولكن لا يتم استجواب مستشفى سوزي دةروني . علاوة على ذلك ، قال إن المرأة التي تعاني من مشكلة الصحة العقلية تحال إلى لجنة طبية بقرار من القاضي. ثم يتم استدعاء اللجنة أمام القاضي للبت فيما إذا كانت القضية ستحال إلى مستشفى سوزي داروني. لكن هذا الإجراء لم يتحقق.
وفيما يتعلق بفصل جزء من الشيلتر إلى مشاكل الأسرة ، قال إن هيكل الشيلتر تم وضعه بطريقة لا يمكنهم تقسيمها لأنها مكلفة وحاولوا في الماضي لكنهم فشلوا. وذكر أيضا أن إحدى مشاكلهم هي نقص المراقبين وبعد العديد من الجهود يمكنهم زيادة عدد مراقبيهم من القوات النسائية البيشمركة. قاموا بإعداد دورة تدريبية مدتها (4) أيام للموظفين الجدد حول كيفية التعامل مع الحالات ، وما الذي تواجهه المراقبة إذا لم تحافظ على سرية معلومات الحالة وحالات الطوارئ. ثم ذكر أن قاضي محكمة التحقيق لمكافحة العنف الأسري هو متعاون جيد و زارهم.
وذكر لاحقا أن لديهم مشكلة وهي أن هناك قضية تم اغلاقها دون تسوية. لذلك ، لا تعرف المرأة ذات القضية المقفلة لمن يجب عليها تقديم خطاب طلبها لمغادرة المكان. على سبيل المثال ، إذا تخلت عن شكواها ، سيتم إغلاق القضية ولكن دون تسوية.
ولهذه الغاية قمنا بزيارة لرئيس محكمة الاستئناف بمنطقة سليمانية وطلبنا منه عدم إغلاق القضية ذات الصلة ما لم تتم تسويتها وإرسال رسالة إلى المحاكم الخارجية والقضاة الآخرين للتعاون معنا.
ثم ذكر المدير أنهم يعانون من مشاكل صحية عقلية وأوصلوها إلى مستشفى سوزي داروني. وليس لديهم حالات مشردين في الوقت الحالي بخلاف حالة واحدة مصابة بمرض الفصام وصامت للغاية وبدون مشكلة. ثم ذكر أنه يجب تخصيص مخصصات المخاطر لموظفي هذا المكان ، وهي إحدى المشاكل، ويجب تقديم الندوات للحالات حتى يكون لديهم وعي اجتماعي وعقلي وقانوني وكيفية التصرف والتحدث عندما هم موجودون أمام المحكمة. لذا ، نحن كالمنظمة أظهرنا استعدادنا لتقديم تلك الندوات إلى حالات الشيلتر والموظفين.
لذلك ، قررنا كالمنظمة فتح تدريب للتوعية القانونية للقضايا المتعلقة بحضورهم أمام المحكمة وردهم على أسئلة المحكمة.
تلتقي مديرة وعاملات المنظمة مع المدير العام للرصد الاجتماعي والشيلتر للنساء المهددات في سليمانية.
كالمنظمة وجدنا أنه من الضروري الحصول على آراء المحامين حول القانون المعارض للعنف الأسري ، وعيوب هذا القانون واقتراحاتهم لتحسين تطبيق القانون حيث يلعب المحامون دورًا مهمًا في المحاكم ، وتسوية القضايا ، والعمل على القوانين ، تحديد عيوب القانون ، تسليط الضوء على العيوب ومعالجتها. وهكذا ، وجدنا وجهات نظرهم اساسي.
وذكرت أن القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري ضروري لمجتمعنا. لقد كان جيدًا جدًا في الماضي ولكن مثل القوانين الأخرى يجب تعديله بالتوازي مع التطور الاجتماعي. فيما يتعلق بهذا القانون ، لانه في إطار الأسرة التي تدار هنا اكثر من خلال المعايير و التربية الاجتماعية ، يواجه تنفيذه العديد من العقبات. لذلك ، تقبل بعض العائلات والمجتمع بشكل عام هذا القانون بصعوبة. على الرغم من ذلك ، يجب تعديل القانون بطريقة يمكن من خلالها معالجة العيوب في وقت تنفيذه. ويمكن بذل الجهود لتنظيم العلاقة الأسرية مع القانون.
وقالت إنه فيما يتعلق بالتطبيق الفعلي للقانون ، يبدو في الواقع أنه خسارة أكبر للنساء. كان يجب أن تبدو مكاتب العنف الأسري وكأنها مستشفيات في تنفيذ القانون ، وكان يجب تنظيمها لحل العنف الأسري بشكل مستمر. وكان ينبغي عليهم حل المشاكل التي لا تشبه المحاكم ، أي يجب بذل الجهود لحل المشاكل حتى لا تكون قابلة للحل. بعد ذلك يمكن إعداد رسائل الشكوى وتقديمها إلى المحكمة للمحاكمة. ولكن إذا أصبحت المشكلة أكبر ، وحتى إذا تخلت المدعية عن دعواها ، فسيتم معاقبتهم على الاقل بالغرامات ، مثل غرامات النقل.
وأشارت إلى أن هناك العديد من الاقتراحات للحكومة والبرلمان. على سبيل المثال ، عندما تتم صياغة اقتراح لتعديل القانون ، يجب الحصول على الموارد من المحاكم والمنظمات ، عندها يمكن أن تذهب إلى البرلمان ليس بالطريقة الأخرى التي يصيغ بها البرلمان ثم تقوم المحاكم فقط بتطبيقه وتحصل لجنة المصالحة متاخرة وحتى في بعض الجرائم فهي غير موجودة. ويناقش تشويه الأعضاء التناسلية الأنثوية في مادة واحدة ، في حين كان يجب أن ينظر إلى قانونها ، مادتها، جريمتها وعقابها مثل أي قوانين أخرى للجرائم أو قوانين أخرى لها مواد وجرائم لها عقوبات مختلفة بشكل منفصل. وعندما يتم منح حق الحماية يجب تحديد مكان للشخص في نفس التاريخ بقرار من المحكمة ، أي أنه يجب استدعاء المتهم وأقاربه ، يجب تحديد مكان وتحديد وقت العودة إلى المنزل بموافقة من كلا الطرفين. وينبغي إنشاء مؤسسة حكومية للإشراف على الأطفال حتى لو كانت في الوقت الحالي حيث أن مسؤولية الحكومة عن حماية أفراد الأسرة والأطفال ستحل العديد من المشاكل.
وذكرت محامي عضو لجنة المصالحة أن المادة (5) من القانون تتحدث عن إحالة أصحاب الشكوى إلى لجنة المصالحة بعد انتهاء التحقيق وقبل إحالتهم إلى محكمة خاصة. لن يكون هذا مفيدًا للغاية على الرغم من أن وجود لجنة مصالحة مفيد. كما هو الحال عند انتهاء التحقيق ، فإن الأطراف الغاضبة من بعضها البعض قد قدمت بالفعل أدلة ضد بعضها البعض إلى المحكمة. لذا ، لا تستطيع لجنة المصالحة تحقيق أهدافها في ذلك الوقت. كما قال إنه في الواقع ، بقدر علمه ، فقد بذلت جهود جيدة لتنفيذ القانون ، على الرغم من عيوبه ، من خلال قاضي مخلص وإيثار من قاضي القانون والأسرة. وإلى حد ما يمكن ملاحظة الاستقرار في القانون من خلال القاضي المذكور وجهوده الدؤوبة.
وعن لجنة المصالحة قال: "بصفتي محامياً ، أنا عضو في لجنة المصالحة التابعة لمديرية مكافحة العنف الأسري المتعلقة بمحكمة التحقيق في العنف الأسري. يتم تنفيذ أعمال هذه اللجنة بشكل جيد ويشرف عليها مركز الاستشارات الأسرية. وإن كان أعضاء اللجنة يبذلون جهودهم لحل قضايا الأطراف ، فإن هدفهم لم يتحقق. غالبًا ما يكون ذلك بسبب بقاء القضايا لفترة طويلة جدًا في المحاكم ومكاتب العنف الأسري. لذا ، عندما ازدادت المشاكل ، لن تكون الأطراف مستعدة للتصالح. أو في بعض الأحيان بسبب الإخطارات التي تتم من خلال المكالمات الهاتفية ، قد يكون أحد الأطراف موجودًا ولكن قد لا يكون الطرف الآخر موجودًا حيث قد يتم إيقاف تشغيل أو تغيير رقم هاتفه. وهذا يتسبب في حضور أحد الطرفين وتغيب الطرف الآخر عدة مرات. في الواقع ، طريقة الإخطار هذه غير صالحة من الناحية القانونية. لذلك ، أقترح أنه قبل تقديم شكوى أو بدء إجراءات التحقيق ، يجب عرض القضية على لجنة المصالحة. ثم ستحقق اللجنة هدفها أكثر. ويمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال تعديل القانون المذكور في المادة (5). وأيضًا ، نظرًا لأن موقع اللجنة بعيدًا عن وسط المدينة ، فإن الأطراف التي لديها قضية مثقلة بالصعوبات وتجبر على عدم التواجد دائمًا أمام اللجنة ".
تلتقي عاملات المنظمة مع قاضي محكمة التحقيق لمكافحة العنف الأسري.
محافظة اربيل
زيارة مديرية مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة وعقد اجتماعات مباشرة مع مدير وكل مدير مكاتب قلعة ومنارة وخةبات لمناقشة آخر التغييرات امام تطبيق القانون والعقبات و الوضع لضحية العنف الأسري، اكتشفنا أن أهم قضية هي عدم وجود مستشفى للصحة النفسية للضحايا. تم الاتفاق بالإجماع على أن عدم وجود مثل هذا المستشفى في محافظة اربيل تسبب في مشكلة كبيرة للسلطات المعنية والضحايا كذلك.
قال المدير: "تحتاج الحالات في الغالب إلى مستشفى للصحة العقلية ولا نعرف إلى أين ننقلهم للإقامة والحصول على حل. وهذا يؤدي إلى إحالة مثل هذه الحالات الى
تجتمع مديرة وعاملون المنظمة مع مدير ومدراء مكاتب اربيل و خةبات
بيوت شيلتر. ونتيجة لذلك ، يخلق مشاكل كبيرة لموظفيهم وحالات أخرى ". ثم قال: "مستشفى سوزي داروني في السليماني مرتبط بهذه الحالة لكن قدراته محدودة ولا تقبل كل حالة. لذلك ، إنشاء مستشفى كبير للصحة النفسية اساسي ويجب العمل عليه ".
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي بمدير مكتب شقلاوة.
قضاء كوية
قال مدير مكتب كوية: "مكتبنا يضم المدير و (34) موظفا. أيضا طق طق ضمن منطقة كوية. لذلك ، نحن كمكتب كوية لدينا قسم لهذه المنطقة ، يتألف من (8) موظفين ".
فيما يتعلق بالمشكلات والعقبات التي تعترض طريقها ، ذكر مدير المكتب ما يلي:
وذكر مكتب كوية ، "لدينا علاقة جيدة مع قاضي محكمة كوية. إنه يتعاون معنا بشكل كبير. وبما أن كوية لديها قاضي واحد لجميع القضايا وليس لديها قاضي خاص لمشاكل الأسرة ، فقد أدى ذلك إلى تحمل أعباء قاضي كوية مسؤولية تكديس القضايا ". وقال: "لهذا السبب يجب أن يكون هناك قاضي خاص للعنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة في منطقة كوية لتسريع الأعمال وتسوية القضايا في أقرب وقت ممكن".
3. لجنة المصالحة
وذكر مدير مكتب كوية ، "بناءً على قرار القاضي ، شكلنا لجنة مصالحة في عام 2007. وتتألف من ستة أعضاء من بينهم:
تلتقي ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب كوية
“بصفتي مدير مكتب أحضر معهم في معظم الحالات وأشرف على اللجنة. علاوة على ذلك ، لدى مكتب كوية فريق متنقل يبحث باستمرار في المخيمات والمناطق النائية مع المفوضية لنشر الوعي وتقديم المساعدة لامم الامتحدة لأولئك الذين يعانون من مشاكل حتى يتم إعلامهم بالإجراءات والمبادئ التوجيهية ".
محافظة حلبجة
3 جزء من أنشطة المنظمة في محافظة حلبجة بالصور
تنظم المنظمة ندوة حول كيف يجب على النساء حماية أنفسهن في وقت مواجهة العنف.
تفتح المنظمة دورة تدريبية للتوعية بالقرى المحيطة بمحافظة حلبجة
المنظمة تعقد لقاء إرشادي شعبي حول مشاكل المواطنين في محافظة حلبجة.
تعقد المنظمة اجتماعات مع المنظمات الأخرى في محافظة حلبجة حول مشاكل المرأة
محافظة دهوك
تأسست هذه المديرية في وسط مدينة محافظة دهوك في عام 2013. في وسط مدينة محافظة دهوك يوجد مكتبان هما مكتب نزارك ومكتب دهوك. كما توجد 8 مكاتب في مناطق محافظة دهوك مثل (سميل وزاخو وعقرة وبردةرةش واميدي وشيخان وبرايةتي وشةنكال).
تم انشاء مركز الاستشارات الاسرية في عام 2013. ولديه 18 خبيراً حاصلين على شهادات عالية بما في ذلك درجات دكتوراه. سيتوفر ما يصل إلى 3 خبراء في مركز الاستشارات الاسرية على أساس يومي لغرض المصالحة بين العائلات التي لديها مشاكل ومناقشة المشاكل مع الأشخاص الذين يعانون من حالات العنف. في مركز الاستشارات الاسرية يتم لقاء أكثر من 3 حالات يوميًا لتحقيق المصالحة بينهم. في بعض الأحيان تتحسن المصالحة بينهم. وأحيانًا يكون من الصعب الحصول عليها ولا يتم حلها هناك ، خاصة في حالات الفتيات المتزوجات دون السن القانونية. وقالة مديرة المكتب: "معظم الحالات مسجلة بسبب خيانة الزوجية وسوء الفهم والمشكلات الاقتصادية والضرب". كما صرحت قائلة: "يتم تحويل بعض القضايا إلينا من المحكمة والبعض الآخر يأتي إلينا مباشرة". ثم تحدثت عن رأيها في القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري وقالت: "إن القانون جيد للغاية والذي تحميه حقوق المرأة. في السنوات الأخيرة ، فهمها الناس بشكل أفضل ".
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مديرة مركز الاستشارات الاسرية
فيما يتعلق بالحالات ، قال مدير المكتب: "نقوم حاليًا بحل معظم الحالات بأنفسنا. في هذا المكتب يتم تقديم جميع أنواع الشكاوى. وحتى درجة الرابعة ، يتم تقديم أي شكاوى تتعلق بالمرأة هنا ". وقال أيضًا: "في هذا المكتب توجد ضابطان و 3 ضابطات للتحقيق في الحالات. اولا قبل كل شيء ، يلتقي مدير المكتب بالحالات لتحديد نوع الحالة. ثم يبدأ ضابط التحقيق في التحقيق معهم ". ثم تحدث عن عملهم 24 ساعة في اليوم للتسجيل وحل القضايا. وقال أيضا إنه حتى بعد ساعات العمل ، فإنه على استعداد للتعامل مع أي حالات مخصصة إما من خلال مكالمة هاتفية أو التواجد.
وذكر في وقت لاحق أن معظم الحالات مسجلة بسبب خيانة الزوجية ، و كليمات بذيئة ومشاكل اقتصادية. فيما يتعلق بالشكاوى التي لم يتم تقديمها في المكتب هي تلك التي يتم تقديمها بين الرجل والمرأة بعد الطلاق ، خاصة بسبب الأطفال أو قضايا أخرى باستثناء الضرب ، المسجل في المكتب ، يتم إيداعه في أقسام الشرطة.
بعد ذلك قال: "يتم التحقيق مع النساء اللاتي تعرضن للتهديد سراً في وقت تقديم الشكاوى ، إذا لزم الأمر ، حتى يمكن حماية المرأة. أو سيتم نقلها إلى مركز نةوا في دهوك بناء على طلبها وقرار قاضي التحقيق ". يتمتع مكتب دهوك بعلاقة جيدة جدًا ومستمرة مع قاضي التحقيق والمراكز للحصول على معلومات حول القضايا وحلها.
وفيما يتعلق بالقانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري ، تحدث مدير المكتب عن رأيه وقال: "القانون جيد للغاية ويتم تطبيقه بشكل جيد للغاية." وقال أيضًا: "يفهم الناس حاليًا القانون. إنهم يعرفون كيف يطلبون حقوقهم بناءً على هذا القانون مقارنةً بالأوقات القديمة التي شعر فيها معظمهم بالخجل من تقديم شكوى ".
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مدير مكتب دهوك.
تلتقي ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب نزاركي.
قالت قاضية التحقيق: "زاد عدد الشكاوى لكن بعض أنواع المشاكل تضاءلت. هذا يرجع إلى حقيقة أن فهم الناس اتسع أكثر. إنهم ينظرون إلى المرأة والحياة بشكل مختلف وينظرون بشكل أفضل إلى حقوق المرأة ". وقالت أيضًا: "في الماضي كانت الشكاوى تُقدم فقط للمشكلات الكبيرة حيث كان من العار في مجتمعنا أن تُرى النساء في المكاتب والمحاكم. ولكن في الوقت الحاضر تأتي النساء لتقديم شكاوى حتى للمشاكل الصغيرة. على سبيل المثال ، تقدم النساء شكاوى قائلة إن أزواجهن يمنعونهم من القيام بعمل ما ، أو ارتداء ملابس كما يحلو لهم أو الخروج مع أصدقائهم. وهناك مشاكل أخرى مماثلة ".
وفيما يتعلق باتصال القاضية بالمكاتب والمراكز ، قالت: "أنا على اتصال دائم بهم حتى بعد ساعات العمل لمساعدة أي قضية وضحية بحاجة إلى المساعدة. وهؤلاء النساء اللواتي تعرضن للتهديدات ننقلهن في الغالب إلى المركز لحمايتهن حتى يهدأ الوضع. ولكن في بعض الحالات ، ترفض النساء البقاء في المركز. وذلك بسبب اتجاه المجتمع ونميمة الناس. في هذه الحالة لدينا تعهد الطرف الآخر لمعاقبتهم إذا انتهكوا أو يضروا المشتكيين. إذا كان هناك أي شيء ، يمكن لصاحب الشكوى تقديم شكوى أخرى ضدهم ".
وفيما يتعلق بالقانون المعارض للعنف الأسري ، أشارت إلى أن القانون جيد للغاية ويتم تطبيقه بشكل جيد للغاية ولكن يجب تعديله ومعالجة مشاكله القانونية.
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مع قاضية التحقيق في دهوك
مكتب زاخو
وذكر مدير مكتب زاخو أنه بسبب اتساع منطقة زاخو ووجود المخيمات هناك ، يتم تقديم عدد كبير من الشكاوى في مكاتبهم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يتم تقديم شكاوى من كل من منطقتي رزكاري وداركار ، اللتين تنتميان إلى منطقة زاخو ، في هذا المكتب. وقال أيضًا: "سيتم تقديم أي شكاوى متعلقة بالعائلة ، حتى الشكاوى العائلية المتعلقة بالممتلكات والعقارات ، في هذا المكتب."
"فيما يتعلق بالمشكلات التي يتم تقديم الشكاوى بشأنها ، يرجع السبب في الغالب إلى سوء التفاهم بين العائلات وسوء استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وأجهزة الاتصال. بعد تقديم الشكاوى ، يتم إجراء التحقيقات في القضايا والجهود المبذولة للمصالحة والحل من قبل مكتبنا ".قال مدير المكتب "يتم تسوية معظم القضايا من قبل المكاتب نفسها دون إحالة إلى المحاكم. ولكن إذا لزم الأمر ، وهو أمر نادر جدًا ، فسيتم إحالتهم إلى محكمة زاخو. أما المصالحة فسيتم نقلهم إلى مركز الاستشارة في دهوك." أضاف. ثم ذكر أن تلك القضايا التي تتعرض للتهديد سيتم إرسالها إلى مركز نةوا في دهوك بناء على طلب الحالات وقاضي التحقيق لحمايتها حتى تتم إزالة التهديدات أو تطلب الحالات نفسها مغادرة المركز ، وتحديدا عندما تكون السلطة تأكد من أنهم لم يعودوا تحت أي تهديدات بعد الآن. ثم قال: "نحن على اتصال مستمر بالمراكز والمحكمة لمتابعة القضايا".
ممثلة المنظمة تجتمع مع مدير مكتب زاخو.
ادارة كةرميان
وفيما يتعلق بهذه الإدارة ، قال مديرها ، "لقد تم تأسيسها منذ عام 2007. في البداية كانت أعمالها تتابع الإجراءات فقط. ومع تطبيق القانون ، يمكن للإدارة التعامل مع القضايا والتحقيق فيها ". وبخصوص قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري ، أشار إلى عدد من القضايا على النحو التالي:
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مع مدير مديرية مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة في كةرميان
وفيما يتعلق بعيوب هذه المديرية ، تحدث المدير عن أنها كمديرية لمكافحة العنف ضد المرأة تواجه بعض المشاكل في تطبيق القانون على النحو التالي:
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب كلار
تم إنشاء هذا الشيلتر لمدة 4 سنوات. لديها خدمة محدودة حيث أن من يأتي إليها يجب ألا يبقى أكثر من 72 ساعة. في بعض الحالات الخاصة ووفقًا لقرار قاضي التحقيق في العنف الأسري ، سيتم تمديد فترة الإقامة في بعض الحالات شريطة موافقة مدير الشيلتر عليها.
الحالات التي تصل إلى الشيلترهي في الغالب أولئك الذين يذهبون إلى مكاتب مكافحة العنف الأسري ، مكتب (104) أو مكاتب أخرى. لن يتم قبول أي قضية بدون قرار قاضي محكمة التحقيق. كما قرر القاضي المذكور إحالة القضية إلى الشيلتر ، سيتم تقديم ملف قبول لها وحفظها هناك.
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي بمديرة بيت شيلتر النساء في كةرميان.
ممثلة المنظمة تجتمع مع قاضي المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري في كلار
" تم انشاء مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان في عام 2017. لأولئك الذين لديهم مشاكل ويزورونها سيحصلون على المشورة وحل مشاكلهم. حتى إذا لم يتم حل مشاكلهم هناك ، فستتم متابعتهم هناك بعد تقديم الشكاوى". قالت مديرة مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان . وأشارت أيضا إلى أن من يريد محاميا ، سيزودهم بمحامي مجاني عبر المنظمة النسائية للمساعدة القانونية. ثم قالت إن مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان يتكون من بعض الأقسام بما في ذلك:
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مديرة مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان.
صدر امر إنشاء هذا المكتب عام 2007. ولكنه بدأ في التحقيق في الحالات وقبولها عام 2007. وكان في السابق يتابع إجراءات المتابعة.
وذكر مدير مكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري أن النواحي مثل سةيدا وشاكةل وخان وسةرقةلا وكولةجو وكوكس وغيرها من النواحي يتعلق بها. يأتي الناس إليهم على أساس يومي في وقت وجود مشاكل عائلية وتقديم شكاوى ويقومون بالتحقيق فيها. وعن القانون المناهض للعنف الأسري ، قال: "المستوى الذي يتم فيه تطبيق القانون جيد ، لكننا نوصي بتعديله لأنه في الواقع له العديد من العوائق. عندما يتم وضع قانون للممارسة ، يجب أن تؤخذ في الاعتبار الحياة وسبل العيش والتقاليد حيث أن التقليد هو مصدر القانون. لذلك ، على اللجنة التي تضع القانون أن تأخذ بعين الاعتبار آراء بعض الحاكمون والأساتذة. كواحد من أعظم أخطاء هذا القانون هو أنه يشير إلى أمثلة بينما في الواقع لا ينبغي أن تكون هناك أمثلة في القانون ويجب أن يكون هناك تعبير عام وشاملي. لا يجب أن يقول القانون أن هذه على سبيل المثال هي أعمال عنف ومحصورة بينما يجب أن تكون هي نفسها مثل قانون العقوبات العراقي حيث أنها لا تشير إلى أي أمثلة. عندما تكون هناك أمثلة في القانون يصبح محصورا ولا يتجاوز الأمثلة ".
ثم تحدث مدير مكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري عن خطأ آخر ملحوظ في هذا القانون وقال: "على الرغم من أن هذا القانون يسمى قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري ، فإنه في الواقع ليس كذلك. كما يشير القانون بدلاً من ذلك إلى العنف ضد المرأة ولا يشير أبداً إلى العنف ضد الرجال. لذلك ، إنه قانون غير عادل حيث يكمل الرجل والمرأة بعضهما البعض في المجتمع. "
وفيما يتعلق بلجنة المصالحة الأسرية في كفري ، قال مدير مكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري أن لجنة المصالحة الاسرية تتكون من (5) أعضاء بما في ذلك (2) محامون مجانيون (1) الملا و (2) موظفو من الباحثين لمكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري. ولم يتم تحديد وقت اجتماع لجنة المصالحة الاسرية حيث يتم عقد الاجتماعات وفقًا للحالات المتاحة ، أي إذا قدمت قضية شكوى وأحالها قاضي التحقيق إلى لجنة المصالحة الاسرية ، فسيتم عقد اجتماع اللجنة وفي القانون ، نص على إنفاق مبلغ 30،000 دينار عراقي لاجتماع اللجنة ولكن حتى الآن لم يتم إنفاق أي شيء لهم. وفيما يتعلق بالدورة التدريبية والندوات ونشر الوعي ، قالت المديرة ، "إننا نقيمها باستمرار في روضات والمدارس ، خاصة في تشرين الثاني عند إطلاق حملة حول العنف ضد المرأة".
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مديرمكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري
إدارة رابةرين
بينما التقينا مع مدير مكتب رانية ، قال إنه لا يوجد سوى مكتب واحد في جميع أنحاء منطقة رابةرين بخلاف أن العديد من القرى والنواحي المحيطة برانية يتعلق بهذا المكتب.
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب رانية
ممثلة المنظمة تجتمع مع مدير قسم الجريمة والحركة
قسم الإحصاءات والتخطيط: حيث يتم جمع إحصائيات جميع الحالات المقبولة لديهم وتسجيل جميع المعلومات المتعلقة بالشكاوى.
وفيما يتعلق بالنواقص الموجودة في مكتب رانية ، قال مدير مكتب رانية ، “لدينا العديد من أوجه القصور فيما يتعلق بالموظفين. أيضا ، لدينا عدد قليل من الضباط والموظفين. علاوة على ذلك ، ليس لدينا ميزانية بخلاف حقيقة أننا مدعومون ماليًا من قبل المنظمات.
سألت مدير مكتب رانية عما إذا كان وجود مكتب واحد كافياً لمشاكل الأسرة في المنطقة. وردًا على ذلك قال: "نحن تحت ضغط كبير. لذا ، يجب أن يكون هناك بعض المكاتب الأخرى في المنطقة. على سبيل المثال ، من الضروري وجود مكتب لمكافحة العنف الأسري في كل من حاجي اوا وجوارقورنة. أيضا ، يجب أن يكون هناك مكتبان في بلدة رانية لتقليل الضغط علينا وتنفيذ أعمالنا هنا بشكل أفضل. " ثم أشار إلى أن عدم وجود محكمة تحقيق للعنف الأسري يخلق مشكلة أخرى ويجعلهم غير قادرين على حل القضايا في أقصى فترة زمنية.
وعن أسباب المشاكل الأسرية ، قال مدير مكتب رانية ، "إن المستوى المنخفض للتعليم بين أفراد الأسرة يسبب مشاكل. بما أن الثقافة الأبوية حتى الآن منتشرة في جزء من أسر المجتمع. كما أن بعض الأشخاص الذين لا يؤمنون بالنظام القانوني لا يحلون خلافاتهم من خلال القانون عندما يواجهون العنف ".
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مدير مديرية مكافحة العنف
وذكر أيضا أن هناك الكثير من العنف فيما يتعلق بالاقتصاد لأن معظم الحالات التي تأتي إليهم تتحدث عن أن أزواجهن لا ينفقون أموالاً عليهم. وهناك حالات طردها أزواجهن ولا ينفقون أموالهم عليهم وعلى أطفالهم. هذا هو سبب آخر وراء مشاكل القضايا. وفيما يتعلق بالخيانة الزوجية والاعتداء الجنسي ، هناك حالات أقل. في بعض الأحيان يكون هناك تدخل خارجي في حياة الأسرة حيث أنه في كثير من الأحيان يخلق مشاكل للأسرة. أيضًا ، نظرًا لأن الطرفين لا يتصرفان بشكل صحيح تجاه بعضهما البعض ويسيئون فهم بعضهما البعض ، فإن المشاكل سوف تنشأ.
ذكر مدير مكت رانية أنه عندما يأتي إليهم شخص ما ، يتعرض لسوء المعاملة الجسدية ، يقوم بنقلها مباشرة إلى أقرب مركز صحي للعلاج حتى يتمكنوا من الحصول على تقرير طبي أولي. ثم بعد أن يحصلوا على إفادة منها ، سينقلونها إلى المحكمة. بعد ذلك ، تقرر المحكمة وضعها في سجن رابةرين لأنهم لا يملكون شيلتر. لذا ، فإنهم ملزمون بوضعها في السجن إذا لم يستقبلها أي من أقاربها. غالبًا ما تذهب القضية إلى منزل قريبها على مسؤوليتها. إذا لم يكن هناك من يعتني بها ، فسوف ينقلونها إلى بيت شيلتر سليمانية. قال مدير مكتب رانية "هذه هي المشكلة بالنسبة لنا وسلامة القضية. لذلك ، حان الوقت لإنشاء شيلتر خاص لإيواء ضحايا العنف الأسري في هذه الإدارة."
وعن الخط الساخن قال مدير مديرية مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة: "عندما يواجه شخص لديها مشكلة ، رقم (119) سيتم الرد عليها من سليمانية. ثم سيتم إبلاغنا بالقضية. بعد ذلك ، سنساعدها قدر الإمكان. وسنقوم بمتابعة القضية وبذل الجهود لحلها. في كثير من الأحيان ، لا تطلب القضية سوى إرشادات ونقدمها لها ".
أما بالنسبة لسؤال آخر فقد وجهنا للمدير ما إذا كان لديهم ضابطة. وردًا على ذلك قال: "معظم العاملين في الشعب هم من الإناث. لكن ليس لدينا ضابطات غير أن لدينا موظفات ".
فيما يتعلق محكمة تحقيق رانية ، بخلاف حالات التحقيق ، يتم عرض جميع الحالات العائلية في محكمة تحقيق رانية هذا بسبب عدم وجود محكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري في رانية. لذا ، خلق هذا وضعا لا يمكنهم فيه التفريق بين القضايا العائلية والحالات الأخرى كما جاء في القانون المعارض للعنف الأسري.
أدى عدم وجود محكمة خاصة لمشاكل الأسرة إلى أنها تستغرق وقتًا طويلاً حتى يتم حلها. لذلك من الضروري تشكيل محكمة خاصة بمشكلات الأسرة كما جاء في القانون.
استبيان
أجرينا في هذا التقرير استبيانًا في إقليم كردستان بخصوص قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري لمعرفة مدى إدراك المواطنين للقانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري وإلى أي مدى لديهم معلومات عن المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. أو إذا واجهوا مشكلة ، هل أتوا للمحكمة؟ إلى أي مدى تعاونت لجنة المصالحة معهم وبذلت جهودا لحل مشاكلهم. ثم سئلوا عن أنواع العنف التي ارتكبت ضدهم. مع هذه الأسئلة وغيرها ، اكتشفنا أن قلة قليلة من المواطنين على دراية بالقانون المعارض للعنف الأسري أو المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. لذلك ، نجد أن على السلطات المختصة اتخاذ إجراءات جادة نحو تنفيذ القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري من خلال مساعدة المواطنين على إدراك وجود مثل هذا القانون.
نتائج الاستبيان
عمر المشاركين |
14 - 50 |
الجنس |
كلاهما |
مكان المشاركين |
اقليم كوردستان |
السؤال 1: إلى أي مدى لديك معلومات عن القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
نتيجة لهذا الاستبيان ، اكتشفنا أن 38٪ من المشاركين ليس لديهم أي معلومات عن القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري ، و 56٪ منهم إلى حد ما على دراية به ، وأولئك الذين يعرفون ذلك تمامًا هم عدد قليل جدًا 6٪ منهم. هذا هو السبب في أنه يجب أخذ ذلك في الاعتبار لأن القانون الذي صدر لسنوات عديدة وتطبيقه في المحكمة معروف من قبل عدد قليل من الناس. جدير بالذكر أن الذين شاركوا في الاستبيان كانوا من ذوي المشاكل وزاروا المحاكم. لذا ، كان يجب أن يكونوا على دراية بذلك تمامًا. عند هذه النقطة ، سنكتشف أنه إذا تم إجراء استبيان آخر بين الأشخاص الذين لم يزوروا المحاكم ، فسيكون من المستحيل عليهم الحصول على معلومات معقولة عن القانون. هذا هو السبب في أنه من الضروري أن تعمل السلطات والمنظمات ذات الصلة بشكل أكبر على نشر الوعي.
السؤال 2: إلى أي مدى لديك معلومات عن المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
اكتشفنا من هنا أن المواطنين ليس لديهم معلومات عن القانون ، لذلك ليس لديهم معلومات عن المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. لذلك ، العمل على وعي المواطنين بوجود مثل هذه المحكمة أمر ضروري للغاية.
السؤال3: إلى أي مدى تتفق مع أعضاء لجنة المصالحة؟ هل يمكن أن يكونوا متعاونين ، حسب الاقتضاء ، لحل مشكلتك؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.75% |
45.28% |
25% |
من هنا اكتشفنا أن لجنة المصالحة يمكنها إلى حد ما أن تلعب هذا الدور العظيم. نظرًا لأن المعدل ليس مرتفعًا جدًا ، فمن الضروري أن يلعب أعضاء لجنة المصالحة دورًا أفضل في معالجة الحالات وتحقيق المصالحة الأسرية. وفي الوقت نفسه ، ينبغي إيلاء المزيد من الاهتمام لهذه اللجنة ، وتخصيص الميزانيات المطلوبة لها مقابل أتعاب الخبراء وجميع المخصصات المطلوبة. كما يجب أن يكونوا أكثر انفتاحًا في أعمالهم من أجل تحسين دورهم في المصالحة بين العائلات.
السؤال 4: ما نوع العنف الذي ارتكب ضدك؟
نفسي |
جسدي |
جنسي |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
من هذه النتيجة اكتشفنا أن معظم الضحايا واجهوا العنف. في العائلات ، تم ارتكاب العنف النفسي ضد الضحايا مثل الإهانات والكلمات البذيئة. هذا هو السبب في ضرورة إيلاء الاهتمام الكامل للجانب العقلي للضحايا. وعند زيارتهم للسلطات المختصة ، ينبغي بذل الجهود لإعادة بناء الجانب العقلي للضحايا. ويجب فتح مستشفى الصحة النفسية لهم.
السؤال 5: إلى أي مدى تعاون معك قاضي المحكمة وموظفيها لمكافحة العنف الأسري ويسهل عملك؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
19% |
من هنا اكتشفنا أن القضاة وأعضاء المحاكم تعاونوا مع قضايا الأسرة ، حسب الاقتضاء. هذا أمر يستحق الثناء. لكن أولئك الذين ليس لديهم رأي جيد في المحاكم ليسوا قليلين. والسبب في ذلك يعود إلى الإجراءات القانونية وضخامة القضايا وقلة القضاة والموظفين. كما هو الحال عندما يقدم مواطن شكوى لا تذهب إلى المحكمة لأن القضايا تستغرق وقتًا طويلاً هناك حتى يتم تسويتها بسبب ضخامة القضايا وقلة القضاة والموظفين. لذلك يشعر المواطنون بالانزعاج وعدم الارتياح تجاه المحاكم.
السؤال 6: هل تم التحقيق معك سراً؟
كلا |
نعم |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
بناءً على القانون المعارض للعنف الأسري ، يجب أن تكون التحقيقات في قضايا الأسرة سرية. لكن هذه النتيجة تخبرنا أن السرية الضرورية في مثل هذه الحالات موجودة بنسبة صغيرة. هناك أسباب عديدة وراء ذلك من بينها عدم وجود محكمة خاصة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. سبب آخر هو أن محكمة الجنح تنظر في جميع الدعاوى القضائية ولدى محكمة التحقيق العديد من ملفات الشكاوى. من ناحية أخرى ، حيث لا يوجد مكان مناسب لمحكمة التحقيق ، يجري خلط. كما أن عدم وجود مكان مناسب للتحقيق في قضايا الأسرة ، كما يحدث في كثير من الأحيان أن يتم التحقيق في غرفة صغيرة مع وجود العديد من المحققين ، يؤدي إلى عدم سرية القضايا تمامًا. وكل هذه الأسباب ترجع إلى إهمال السلطات المختصة.
السؤال 7: من ارتكب العنف ضدك؟
أب حتى الصف الرابع
زوج (رجل) |
زوجة (امراة) |
أخ |
أب |
أم |
بنت |
اخرون حتى درجة رابعة |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0,85% |
0,85% |
16.23% |
نتيجة لهذا الاستبيان اكتشفنا أن معظم من يرتكبون العنف هم من الذكور والأزواج ضد زوجاتهم. لذلك ، يجب أن يكون الذكور أكثر وعيا من خلال فتح أنواع مختلفة من الدورات التدريبية للتوعية التي يمكن من خلالها تخفيض معدلات العنف.
السؤال 8: كم من الوقت يستغرق حل قضيتك في المكمة؟
1 – 3 شهور |
3 - 6 شهور |
6 شهور - سنة واحدة وأكثر |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
ونتيجة لذلك اكتشفنا أن المشكلات الموجودة في المحاكم تستغرق وقتًا طويلاً حتى يتم حلها. وكثيراً ما استغرقت القضايا وقتاً طويلاً ولم تتوصل إلى تسوية ، تخلى أصحاب الشكوى عن شكاواهم. كان هذا في كثير من الأحيان بسبب قلة القضاة والموظفين في تلك المحكمة. لهذا السبب يجب على السلطة المختصة أن تبذل جهودًا جادة لتوفير المزيد من القضاة والموظفين للمحاكم حتى لا يفقد أصحاب الشكوى حقوقهم بتأجيل قضاياهم وأن يكونوا يائسين في تقديم شكاواهم.
الإحصاء
المديرية |
عام 2018 |
عام 2019 |
اربيل |
3351 |
4228 |
دهوك |
2586 |
2537 |
سليمانية |
2000 |
3226 |
كرميان |
1024 |
999 |
رابةرين |
555 |
807 |
سوران |
306 |
284 |
مكان |
القتل |
الانتحار |
وضع نفسه على النار |
شكاوى |
اعتداء جنسي |
اربيل |
14 |
14 |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
دهوك |
14 |
21 |
30 |
2486 |
35 |
سليمانية |
12 |
15 |
18 |
1909 |
45 |
كرميان |
3 |
6 |
12 |
991 |
12 |
رابةرين |
1 |
9 |
8 |
522 |
15 |
سوران |
1 |
2 |
7 |
290 |
6 |
المجموع |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
مكان |
القتل |
الانتحار |
وضع نفسه على النار |
شكاوى |
اعتداء جنسي |
اربيل |
16 |
29 |
25 |
4494 |
54 |
دهوك |
7 |
17 |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
سليمانية |
12 |
16 |
22 |
3427 |
49 |
كرميان |
1 |
0 |
0 |
989 |
9 |
رابةرين |
2 |
2 |
10 |
579 |
15 |
سوران |
2 |
4 |
8 |
269 |
1 |
المجموع |
41 |
69 |
102 |
11907 |
155 |
4. مقارنة إحصائيات جميع مديريات مكافحة العنف ضد الأسر والنساء في إقليم كردستان بين عامي 2018 و 2019.
عام |
القتل |
الانتحار |
وضع نفسه على النار |
شكاوى |
اعتداء جنسي |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
الفرق |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
من هذه الإحصائيات وجدنا أن الأعداد ازدادت بشكل ملحوظ في جميع المديريات ، وخاصة تلك الشكاوى. هذا يخبرنا أن نعمل أكثر على قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري ، وأن نتخذ خطوات عملية لتطبيقه ومعالجة المشاكل والصعوبات التي نواجه امام تنفيذه.
إحصائيات العنف في مكتب منارة بمحافظة اربيل
مقارنة بستة شهور بين 2018 و 2019
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
509 |
576 |
إحصائيات العنف الأسري في منطقة إدارة رابةرين:
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
337 |
236 |
إحصائيات الزواج والطلاق في منطقة إدارة رابةرين:
|
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
الزواج |
1628 |
1486 |
الطلاق |
248 |
216 |
إحصائيات لجنة المصالحة بمنطقة رابارين:
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
144 |
154 |
إحصائيات محاكم مكافحة العنف الأسري بمحافظة السليمانية في الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019
وارد |
مغلق |
احالة |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
إحصائيات حالات المنظمة النسائية للمساعدة القانونية في عام 2019
التوصيات
Women’s Legal Assistance Organization
With the support of the NED
A Report for Monitoring the Implementation
of the Domestic Violence Law
Kurdistan Region - Iraq
2020
Prepared by
The Project Staff
Contents
First – Slemani Governorate
Second – Hawler Governorate
(Office of Opposing Violence against Family and Women)
Third – Halabja Governorate
Fourth – Duhok Governorate
( Zakho Office )
Fifth – Garmian Administration
Sixth – Raparin Administration
Seventh – Questionnaire
Eighth – Statistics…
Nineth – Recommendations
Introduction
We as WOLA bore the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the law opposing family violence since its issuance under the auspices of American NED. Due to the significance and necessity for the law for Kurdish community we notably gave attention to the governorates at the beginning of our monitoring. After some years passed the issuance of the law and many of our reports were disseminated on monitoring the law, we attempted to expand our monitoring limits more and cover those places that we did not monitor so far.
To this end we paid visits to many districts of the governorates and monitored the implementation of the law, as it was referred to them in this report, in order for us to know how the level of the law implementation is in those places and at what level it is. Also, our visits to the mentioned places aimed at determining the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law in the places where the monitoring covered and providing statistics of those places in question.
Above all, we could conduct a widespread questionnaire in many places of the region on the law opposing family violence and the performances of the committees and courts for family violence in order for us to know to what extent the citizens are familiar with the law after the law issuance passed many years, to what extent attention was given to legal awareness and to what extent the victims of family violence are content with works of the courts of family violence and reconciliation committees.
In the end, as the difficulties and obstacles were revealed to us while monitoring the law in the different places, we provided the relevant authorities with many important recommendations and propositions, hoping that they would benefit from them and work on them so as to address the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law or at least decrease them so that the law can be effective as it should be.
The procedures of filing lawsuits by the victims of family violence
When someone faces a family violence and wants to file a lawsuit, they should follow some procedures as follows:
Slemani Governorate
WOLA staff members meet with Her Excellency the Minister of Work and Social Affairs of Kurdistan region
And we informed Her Excellency that we want to work on having a place or a house of shelter for family problems not in the way that is used to be.
To make preparations for an extensive work and launch a campaign for improving the Shelters’ situation and understanding their problems and difficulties, we paid a visit to the Director General of Social Monitoring and the Manager of Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. First, to pay a visit to the Shelter House for Threatened Women, we submitted a letter to the Directorate General of Social Monitoring to approve of the visit to Shelter and our legal service to them. After we made discussion with the Director General of Social Monitoring and informed him about the work and activities of WOLA and our project under the auspices of American NED, he offered his cooperation and coordination. And after we got permission, we visited Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. The House Manager referred to that they contact the organizations based on requirements that when legal services are required. Also, he stated that there are women who come to the Shelter should be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital as they have mental health problems. But the Hospital prevents their admission as the subjects don’t have relatives while the Shelter has social researchers who can accompany them. Furthermore, he lashed out that why they are questioned when they admit a case but Sozi Daruni Hospital is not questioned. Moreover, he said that a woman with mental health problem is referred to a medical committee by the judge’s decision. Then the committee is summoned in front of the judge to decide whether the case to be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital. But this procedure is not materialized.
Regarding separating part of Shelter to the family problems, he said that the structure of Shelter was laid out in a way that they cannot split it as it is costly and they attempted in the past but they failed. Also, he mentioned that one of their problems was shortages of monitors and after many efforts they could increase the number of their monitors from the Peshmarga Women Forces. They set up a (4) day training session for the new employees on how to deal with the cases, what the monitor face if they don’t keep the case’s information confidential and emergency. Then he mentioned that the judge of the investigation court for opposing family violence is a good cooperator who visited them.
Later he mentioned that they have a problem which is that a case which was closed without being settled. Therefore, a woman with a closed case does not know to whom she should submit her request letter to leave the place. For example, if she gives up her complaint, the case will be closed but without being settled.
To this end we paid a visit to the President of the Court of Appeal of Slemani Area and requested him not to close the related case unless it is settled and to send letter to the outside courts and other judges to cooperate with us.
Then Manager mentioned that they had mental health problem cases and committed them to Sozi Daruni Hospital. And they don’t have homeless cases for the time being other than one case which has Schizophrenia and who is very silent and without problem. Next, he mentioned that risk allowances should be allocated for the employees of this place, which is one of the problems, and seminars should be presented to the cases in order for them to have social, mental and legal awareness and how to behave and speak when they are present in front of the court. So, we as WOLA showed our readiness to present those seminars to the Shelter cases and employees.
Therefore, as WOLA we decided to open legal awareness training for the cases regarding their being present in front of the court and their answering to the questions of the court.
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director General of Social Monitoring and Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani.
As WOLA we found it necessary to have the views of the lawyers on the law opposing family violence, the drawbacks of this law and their suggestions for better implementing the law as the lawyers play an important role at the courts, settling the cases, working on the laws, discerning the drawbacks of the law, highlighting on the drawbacks and addressing them. Thus, we found their views indispensable.
She mentioned that the law opposing family violence is necessary for our community. It was very good in the past but like other laws it needs to be amended in parallel with social development. Regarding this law, as it is within the framework of a family which is here more run by social parameters and education, its implementation faces many obstacles. Therefore, some families and the community in general accept this law with difficulty. Notwithstanding, the law needs to be amended in a way that the drawbacks at the time of its implementation could be addressed. And efforts could made to organize family relationship with law.
She said that regarding actual implementation of the law, in fact it appears to be a greater loss for women. The family violence offices should have been looked like hospitals in the implementation of the law and should have been organized for solving family violence persistently. And they should have solved the problems not like the courts, i.e. efforts for solving the problems should be made until it is unsolvable. After that complaint letters can be prepared and presented to the court for trial. But if the problem became bigger and even if the plaintiff gave up her lawsuit, they will be punished at least by fines, for example fines of transports.
She referred to that there are many suggestions for the government and parliament. For example, when a motion for a law amendment is drafted resources should be obtained from the courts and organizations, then it can go to parliament not the other way around that the parliament draft the motion then the courts merely implement it and the reconciliation committee is behind and even in some crimes the it is nonexistent. And female genital mutilation is discussed in one article whereas its law, article, crime and punishment should have been looked like any other crime laws or other laws whose articles and crimes hav different punishment seperately. And when protection right is given a place should be set for the person on the same date by a court’s decision i.e. the accused and their relatives should be summoned, a place should be set and the time for returning to home should be set with the consent of both parties. And a governmental foundation should be established for supervising children even if it is for the time being as the government’s responsibility for protecting family individuals and children will solve many problems.
A lawyer who is a member of Reconciliation Committee mentioned that the article (5) of the law talks about sending the complainants to Reconciliation Committee after the investigation is finished and before referring them to a special court. This will not be very beneficial although having a Reconciliation Committee is useful. As when the investigation is finished the parties who are angrier with each other already submitted evidences against each other to the court. So, Reconciliation Committee cannot achieve its goals at the time. Also, he said that in fact as far as he was informed good efforts had been made to implement the law, despite its drawbacks, by dint of a loyal and altruist judge of law and family. And to some extent stability can be noticed in the law through the said judge and his tireless efforts.
Regarding Reconciliation Committee he said, “As a lawyer I am a member of Reconciliation Committee of Directorate of Opposing Family Violence pertaining to Investigation Court for Family Violence. The works of this Committee is well carried out and supervised by Family Counsel Center. Albeit the Committee’s members exert their efforts to solve the cases of the parties, their aim is not achieved. Often it is because the cases remained for too long in the courts and offices of family violence. So, as the problems went bigger, the parties would not be willing to reconcile. Or sometimes due to the notifications made by phone calls, one party might be present but the other one might not be present as their phone number might be switched off or changed. This causes one party to be present and the other one be absent for several times. In fact, this method of notification is legally not valid. Therefore, I propose that prior to filing complaint or starting the investigation procedures, the case should be submitted to Reconciliation Committee. Then the Committee will achieve its aim more. This can be fulfilled by amending the law, which was mentioned in the article (5). Also, as the Committee’s location is away from the city center, the parties having a case is being burdened with difficulties and forced not to be always present in front of the Committee.”
WOLA staff members meet with the judge of investigation court for opposing family violence.
Hawler Governorate
Visiting Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women and having first hand meetings with the Director and each Manager of the Offices of Qala, Mnara and Khabat to discuss on the latest changes in the way of implementing the law, the obstacles and the family violence victims’ situation, we found out the most important issue is the lack of a mental health hospital for the victims. It was unanimously agreed that the lack of such a hospital in Halwler governorate caused a great problem for the relevant authorities and the victims as well.
The Director said, “The cases often need mental health hospital and we don’t know to where we transfer them to stay and get solution. This leads such cases to be referred to
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director and Managers of the Offices of Hawler and Khabat.
shelter houses. As a result, it creates big problems for their employees and other cases.” Then he stated, “ Sozi Daruni Hospital of Slemani is related to this situation but it has a limited capacity and does not admit every case. Therefore, establishing a big mental health hospital is indispensable and work should be done on it.”
WOLA representative meets with the Head of Shaqlawa Office.
Koya District
The Manager of Koya Office stated, “Our Office includes the Manager and (34) employees. Also Taq Taq is within the district of Koya. So, we as Koya Office have a section for this area, comprising of (8) employees.”
Regarding the problems and obstacles in the way of them, the Office Manager listed the following:
The Koya Office stated, “We have a good tie with the judge of Koya court. He is hugely cooperating with us. And as Koya has one judge for all the cases and does not have a special judge for the family problems, this led to the burdened responsibility on the shoulder of the judge of Koya for having accumulated cases.” He said, “This is why there should be a special judge for violence against family and women in Koya district so as to expedite the works and settle the cases as soon as possible.”
Koya Office Manager stated, “Based on the judge’s decision we set up a Reconciliation Committee in 2007. It comprises of six members including:
WOLA representative meets with the Koya Office Manager.
“I as the Office Manager attend with them in most of the cases and supervise the Committee. Moreover, Koya Office has a mobile team who continuously searches in the camps and remote areas with UNHCR to spread awareness and offer help to those who have problems so that they can be informed of the procedures and guidelines.”
Halabja Governorate
|
WOLA organizes a seminar on how women should protect themselves at the time of facing violence.
|
WOLA opens an awareness training session for the villages surrounding Halabja governorate.
|
WOLA holds a popular counselling meeting on the problems of the citizens in Halabja governorate.
|
WOLA holds a meeting with the other organizations of Halabja governorate on the problems of women.
Duhok Governorate
1. Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women
This Directorate was established in Duhok governorate city center in 2013. In the Duhok governorate city center there are two offices namely Nzarke Office and Duhok Office. Also, there are 8 offices in the districts of Duhok governorate like, ( Smel, Zakho, Akre, Barderash, Amedi, Shekhan, Brayati and Shangal)
2. Family counsel center
FCC was set up in 2013. It has 18 experts who holds high certificates including doctorate degrees. Up to 3 experts will be available at FCC on daily basis for the purpose of reconciling the families having problems and discussing the problems with the people having cases of violence. At FCC more than 3 cases are received and met daily to bring about reconciliation among them. Sometimes reconciliation gets the better of them. And sometimes it is difficult to obtain and is not solved there, especially with cases who are underaged married girls. The Office Manager said, “Most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, misunderstanding, economic problems and beating.” Also, she stated, “Some cases are transferred to us from the court and others directly come to us.” Then she talked about her view of the law opposing family violence and said, “The law is very good and by which the women rights are protected. In recent years people have better understood it.”
WOLA representative meets with FCC manager.
3. Duhok Office
Regarding the cases the Office Manager said, “We currently solve most of the cases ourselves. At this Office all kinds of complaints are filed. And up to grade four any complaints that are related to women are filed here.” He also said, “In this Office there are 2 female officers and 3 male officers to investigate the cases. To begin with, the Office Manager meets with the cases to determine the type of the case. Then the investigation officer starts investigating them.” Then he talked about that they are at work 24 hours a day to register and solve the cases. Also, he said that even after working hours he is willing to deal with any ad hoc cases either through telephone call or presence.
Later he mentioned that most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, swear words and economic problems. Regarding the complaints that are not filed in the Office are those that are made between man and woman after divorce, especially because of children or other issues except beating, which is registered at the Office, are filed at the police stations.
Afterwards he said, “The women who were under threats are secretly investigated at the time of filing complaints, if need be, so that the woman can be protected. Or she will be transferred to Nawa Center in Duhok at her request and the investigation judge’s decision.” Duhok Office has a very good and continuous tie with the investigation judge and the Centers for cases’ information and solution.
With regard to the law opposing family violence, the Office Manager talked about his view and said, “The law is very good and is applied very well.” Also, he said, “Currently people understood the law. They know how to ask for their rights based on this law compared to the old times when most of them felt shame to file a complaint.”
WOLA representative meets with Duhok Office Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Nzarke Office Manager.
4. Investigation court for opposing violence in Duhok
The investigation judge stated, “The number of complaints increased but some types of problems dwindled. This is due to the fact that people’s understanding broadened more. They look at women and life differently and better consider the rights of women.” Also, she said, “In the old times complaints were only filed for big problems as it was shame in our community for women to be seen at the offices and courts. But nowadays women come to file complaints even for the small problems. For example, women file complaints saying that their husbands prevent them from doing a job, wearing clothes as they wish or going out with their friends. And there are other similar problems.”
With regard to the judge’s contact with the offices and centers, she said, “I am continuously in contact with them even after the working hours to help any case and victim who needs help. And those women who were under threats we often transfer them to the Center to be protected until the situation is calmed down. But in some cases, the women refuse to stay at the Center. And this is due to the community’s trend and people’s gossip. In this case we have the pledge of the other party to punish them if they violate or harm the complainants. If there is any, the complainant can file another complaint against them.”
Regarding the law opposing family violence, she mentioned that the law is very good and applied very well but it needs to be amended and have its legal problems addressed.
WOLA representative meets with Duhok investigation judge
5. Zakho district
Zakho Office
Zakho Office Manager mentioned that due to the broadness of Zakho area and presence of the camps there, a huge number of complaints is filed in their Office. Also, complaints from both subdistricts of Rzgari and Darkar, which belong to Zakho district, are filed in that Office. Also, he said, “Any complaints related to family, even family complaints related to property and estates, will be filed in this Office.”
“Regarding those problems for which complaints are filed are mostly due to misunderstanding among the families and misuse of social media and communication devices. After the complaints are filed investigations are made with the cases and efforts for reconciliation and solution are made by our Office,” he said. “Most cases are settled by the Offices themselves without being transferred to the courts. But if it needs be, which is very rare, they will be referred to Zakho Court. As for reconciliation, they will be transferred to Counselling Center in Duhok.” He added. Then he mentioned that those cases that are under threats will be sent to Nawa Center in Duhok at the request of the cases and investigation judge to protect them until the threats are removed or the cases themselves request to leave the Center, specifically when the authority is certain that they are not under any threats any more. Then he said, “We are continuously in contact with the centers and court to follow up the cases.”
WOLA representative meets with Zakho Office Manager.
Garmian Administration
1. Directorate for Opposing Violence against family and Women
With regard to this Administration, their Manager said, “This has been established since 2007. At first its works were only following up procedures. As the law was put in to practice, the Administration could deal with the cases and investigate them.” Concerning the law opposing family violence, he pointed to a number of cases as follows:
1. This law has drawbacks; therefore, it should be amended as it seems to them the works are carried out with difficulties. For example, the article (7) of the law talks about some routines which are related to daily life like murder cases which should not be investigated by such offices for family violence and should be transferred to police stations by judge’s order. That is, the cases of article (7) of family violence should pertain to misdemeanor court not felony court. But they investigate those cases that belong to felony court.
2. Another drawback of the law is that it did not talk about the wrongdoings committed against men in the families. For example, this law did not mention a case in which a wife attacks her husband or marital infidelity happens.
3. Another more drawback is that the cases should be for the investigators, i.e. in the offices of opposing family violence the misdemeanor and felony investigators should be separated from each other. So, an investigator should view misdemeanor cases and another investigator should view felony cases.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate Opposing Violence against Family and Women in Garmian.
2. The Obstacles in the Way of Implementing the Law
Concerning the defects of this Directorate, the Director talked about that as Directorate of Opposing Violence against Women they have some problems in the way of implementing the law as follows:
v The lack of employees and an allocated building.
v The Garmian Shelter House is not sufficient and its working hours are few.
v The lack of a mental health hospital to be designed for the victims of family violence.
v The lack of a hotline. Albeit there is a special contact number at the Office in order for them to be informed of the problems, it was supposed that the line (119) would be continuously on for 24 hours. Also, it was not made to be used in that area as it needs more than (20) employees. Fortunately, whoever faces a problem or needs to get through to their employees can dial (119) of Slemani. Then, they will be immediately informed of the calling and will be at hand.
WOLA representative meets with Kalar Office Manager.
3. Shelter House for women in Garmian
This Shelter has been set up for 4 years. It has a limited service as whoever comes to it should stay not more than 72 hours. In some special situations and according to the decision of the family violence investigation judge the stay period of certain cases will be extended provided that the Shelter Manager approves of it.
Those cases that come to the Shelter are mostly those who go to the offices of opposing family violence, Office (104) or other offices. No any case will be admitted without the decision of the judge of the investigation court. As the mentioned judge decides to transfer the case to the Shelter, an admission file will be made for her and kept there.
WOLA representative meets with Women Shelter House Manager in Garmian.
WOLA representative meets with the judge of the court for opposing family violence in Kalar
6. Garmian Family counsel center
“GFCC was established in 2017. Those people who have problems and visit it will get counsel and solution their problems. And even if their problems couldn’t be solved there, they would be followed up there after complaints are filed,” the GFCC Manager said. Also, she pointed that whoever wants a lawyer they will provide them with a pro bono lawyer via WOLA. Then she said that the GFCC comprises of some sections including:
v Management section: where management affairs of GFCC is run.
v Service section: It is comprised of legal, social and mental sections
o Legal section: where lawyers and legal counselling is provided.
o Social section: where there is mediation and the parties are called to present them counselling at their own requests.
o Mental section: It only deals with those cases that have mental problems as they identify and transfer them to Health Center with whom they are in contact and meet the cases in coordination.
v Awareness section: GFCC employees supervise this section. They are working on social awareness in all classes of citizens ranging from kindergarten to university students. She also said that they continuously spread the awareness through panels, seminars and training courses from the beginning of the academic year to the end of it, especially at the time of launching campaigns of opposing violence against women.
v Reconciliation committee section: currently it is comprised of (4) members including (2) lawyers, (1) social researcher and (1) mental researcher. They are going to become (8) members in the near future as it was decided by Directorate General of Opposing Family Violence to increase the members to (8), of which (7) members should be employees from Family counsel center as they will be more conformed with the specified time mostly on ( Mondays and Wednesdays). This decision is effective for expediting citizens’ issues in the Committee. Also, the employees and Committee members think that this Committee should deal with the cases before they file complaints and involve in the investigations. For it is the negative aspect of this law when the families are transferred to the Committee after they were broken up and separated. Finally, a Committee member said that the problems are increasing and they are mostly resulted from threats, beating, misuse of communication devices, accusations and marital infidelity.
WOLA representative meets with GFCC Manager.
7. Kfri Office for Opposing Family Violence
The ordinance for establishing this Office was issued in 2007. But it started investigating the cases and admitting them in 2007. Previously it just carried out follow up procedures.
KOOFV Manager stated that the subdistricts of Saida, Shakal, Khan, Sarqala, Kulajo, Koks and other subdistricts pertain to them. People come to them on daily bases at the time of having family problems and file complaints and they investigate them. Regarding the law opposing family violence, he said, “The level at which the law is being implemented is good but we recommend it to be amended as in fact it has many drawbacks. When a law is put in to practice, life, livelihood and tradition should be put in to consideration as tradition is the source of law. Therefore, the committee who makes the law should consider the views of some governors and professors. As one of the great faults of this law is that it referred to examples while in fact there should not be examples in law and there should be generic and plural expression. The law should not say that for example these are violence and confined while it should be the same as Iraqi punishment law as it does not refer to any examples. When there are examples in the law it becomes confined and does not go beyond the examples.”
Then KOOFV Manager talked about another notable fault of this law and said, “Although this law named the Law of Opposing Family Violence, in fact it is not the case. As the law rather refers to violence against women and never refers to violence against men. So, it is an unjust law as man and woman complete one another in the society.”
Concerning Family Reconciliation Committee in Kfri, KOOFV Manager said that FRC is comprised of (5) members including (2) pro bono lawyers, (1) mullah and (2) KOOFV employees who are researchers. And the FRC meeting time is not specified as the meetings are held according to the available cases, i.e. if a case files a complaint and the investigation judge refers them to FRC, FRC meeting will be held. And in the law, it was stipulated that an amount of ID 30,000 be spent for an FRC meeting but until now nothing was spent for them. Regarding training session, seminars and awareness dissemination, the Manager said, “We continuously hold them in kindergartens and schools, especially in November at the time of launching a campaign on violence against women.”
WOLA representative meets with KOOFV Manager.
Raparin Administration
1. Ranya Office
As we met with RO Manager, he said that there is only one Office throughout Raparin area other than that many other villages and subdistricts surrounding Ranya pertain to that Office.
WOLA representative meets with RO Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Crime and Movement Section Manager
Statistics and planning section: where the statistics of all cases that are admitted to them is collected and all information related to the complaints are registered.
Regarding the shortcomings that are in RO, RO Manager said,” We have many shortcomings with respect to staff. Also, we have few officers and employees. Moreover, we don’t have a budget other than the fact that we are financially supported by the organizations.
I asked the RO Manager whether the presence of one Office is sufficient to the family problems in the area. In response he said, “We are under a great pressure. So, there should be some other offices in the area. For example, an office for opposing family violence in each of Haji Awa and Chwarqurna is necessary. Also, there should be two offices in Ranya town so as to decrease the pressure on us and better implement our works here.” Then he referred to that the lack of investigation court for family violence creates another problem and makes them not to be able to solve the cases in a shortest period of time.
Regarding the reasons behind the family problems, the RO Manager said, “The low level of education among family individuals causes problems. As up to date patriarchal culture is prevalent in part of community families. Also, some people who do not believe in legal system do not solve their differences through law when they face violence.”
He also mentioned that there is many violence with regard to economy as most of the cases who come to them talk about that their husbands do not spend money on them. There are cases whose husbands expelled them do not spend money on them and their children. That is another reason behind the cases problems. With regard to marital infidelity and sexual assault, there are less cases. Sometimes there are outside intervention into the family’s life as in many times it creates problems for the family. Also, as the parties do not behave correctly towards one another and misunderstand one another, problems are going to be created.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence
2. Shelter
RO Manager mentioned that when someone, being physically abused, comes to them, they directly transfer her to the nearest health center to be treated and so that they can have initial medical report. Then after they obtain a deposition from her, they will transfer her to a court. Afterwards, the court decides to put her in Raparin jailhouse as they do not have a shelter. So, they are obliged to put her in the jailhouse if none of her relatives received her. Often the case goes to her relative’s house on her responsibility. If there is no one to take care of her, they will transfer her to Slemani Shelter House. So, the RO Manager said, “This is the problem for us and the safety of the case. Therefore, it is high time a special shelter be set up for sheltering family violence victims in this administration. “
3. Hotline
Regarding a hotline, the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence against Family and Women said,” When someone having a problem contacts number (119) they will be answered from Slemani. Then we will be informed about the case. Afterwards, we will help them as far as we can. And we will follow up the case and make efforts to solve it. Often, the case only asks for guidelines and we provide her with them.”
As for another question we directed to the Director whether they have female officer. In response he said, “Most of those who work at the sections are females. But we do not have female officers other than that we have female employees.”
4. Ranya Investigation Court
Concerning RIC, other than the investigation cases, all family cases are viewed in RIC. This is due to the lack of a court for opposing family violence in Ranya. So, this created a situation that they can not differentiate between the family cases and other cases as it was mentioned in the law opposing family violence.
The lack of a special court for family problems led to the fact that they take long times until they are settled. This is why it is necessary for forming a special court for the family problems as it was mentioned in the law.
Questionnaire
In this report we conducted a questionnaire in Kurdistan region regarding the law opposing family violence so as to know to what extent the citizens are aware of the law opposing family violence and to what extent they have information on the court for opposing family violence. Or if they faced a problem, did they come to the court? To what extent the Reconciliation Committee were cooperative to them and made efforts to solve their problems. Then they were asked about the kinds of violence which were committed against them. With these and other questions, we found out that very few citizens are familiar with the law opposing family violence or the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, we find that the relevant authorities should take serious action towards implementing the law opposing family violence through helping the citizens be aware of having such a law.
Questionnaire Results
Age of the participants |
14 - 50 |
Sex |
Both |
Participants’ place |
Kurdistan region |
Question 1: To what extent do you have information on the law opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out 38% of the participants do not have any information on the law opposing family violence, 56% of them to some extent are familiar with it and those who are completely aware of it were very few who are 6% of them. This is why this should be taken in to consideration as the law being issued for many years and applied in the court is known by few people. It is worth to be mentioned that those who participated in the questionnaire were people with problems and visited the courts. So, they should have been quite aware of it. At this point we will find out that if another questionnaire was conducted among people who did not visited the courts, it would be impossible for them to have a reasonable information on the law. This is why it is necessary for the relevant authorities and organization to work more on disseminating awareness.
Question 2: To what extent do you have information on the court for opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
From here we found out as the citizens do not have information on the law, so they do not have information on the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, working on citizens’ awareness of having such a court is very necessary.
Question 3: To what extent do you agree with the Reconciliation Committee members? Could they be cooperative, as required, to solve your problem?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.71% |
45.28% |
25% |
From here we found out that to some extent Reconciliation Committee could play this great role. As the rate is not very high it is for the RC members to play a better role in tackling the cases and bringing about family reconciliation. At the same time more attention should be given to such committee and required budgets should be allocated for them for expert fees and all required provisions. Also, they should be more open handed in their works so as to improve their role of reconciling the families.
Question 4: What kind of violence was committed against you?
Mental |
Physical |
Sex |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
From this result we found out that most of the victims faced violence. In the families, mental violence was committed against the victims like insults, swear words. This is why complete attention should be given to the mental side of the victims. At the time of their visiting to the relevant authorities, efforts should be made to rebuild the mental side of the victims. And mental health hospital should be opened for them.
Question 5: To what extent did the judge and employees of the court for opposing family violence cooperate with you and facilitate your work?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
25.33% |
From here we found out the judges and members of the courts cooperated with the family cases, as required. This is commendable. But those people who do not have good opinion of the courts are not few. And the reason behind this attributed to the legal procedures, enormity of the cases and scarcity of judges and employees. As when a citizen files a complaint do not go to the court because the cases take very long time there until they are settled due to the enormity of cases and scarcity of judges and employees. Therefore, the citizens feel disturbed and discomfort towards the courts.
Question 6: Was the investigation with you made in secret?
No |
Yes |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
Based on the law opposing family violence, investigations of the family cases should be confidential. But this result tells us that the confidentiality that is necessary in such cases exists with a small percentage. There are many reasons behind this among them is the lack of a special court for opposing family violence. Another reason is that the misdemeanor court views all lawsuits and the investigation court has many complaint files. On the other hand, as there is no a proper place for the investigation court, confusion is being made. Also, the lack of a proper place for investigating the family cases, as often it happens that the investigation is made in a small room with the presence of several investigators, leads the cases not to be entirely confidential. And all of these reasons are because of the negligence of relevant authorities.
Question 7: Who committed violence against you?
Husband (man) |
Wife (woman) |
Brother |
Father |
Mother |
Daughter |
Others up to grade four |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0.85% |
0.85% |
16.23% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out most of those who commit violence are males and husbands against their wives. Therefore, males should be more made aware by opening varieties of awareness training sessions through which the violence rates could be decreased.
Question 8: How long does it take to have your case solved at court?
1 – 3 months |
3 – 6 months |
6 months – 1 year and more |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
As the result we found out the problems that are in the courts take a long time until they are settled. Often as the cases took a long time and did not get settlement, the complainants gave up their complaints. This was often due to the scarcity of judges and employees of that court. This is why the relevant authority should make serious efforts to provide more judges and employees for the courts so that the complainants cannot lose their rights by postponing their cases and to be hopeless in filing their complaints.
Statistics
1. The total statistics of the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region.
Year of 2019 |
Year of 2018 |
Directorate |
4628 |
3351 |
Hawler |
2537 |
2586 |
Duhok |
3226 |
2000 |
Slemani |
999 |
1024 |
Garmian |
807 |
555 |
Raparin |
284 |
306 |
Soran |
2. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2018.
Sexual assault |
complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
14 |
14 |
Hawler |
35 |
2486 |
30 |
21 |
14 |
Duhok |
45 |
1909 |
18 |
15 |
12 |
Slemani |
12 |
991 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
Garmian |
15 |
522 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
Raparin |
6 |
290 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
Soran |
145 |
9568 |
107 |
68 |
46 |
Total No. |
3. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2019.
Sexual assault |
Complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
54 |
4494 |
25 |
29 |
16 |
Hawler |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
17 |
7 |
Duhok |
49 |
3427 |
22 |
16 |
12 |
Slemani |
9 |
989 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Garmian |
15 |
579 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
Raparin |
1 |
269 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
Soran |
155 |
11907 |
102 |
69 |
41 |
Total No. |
4. The comparison of statistics of all directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region between 2018 and 2019.
Year |
Killing |
Suicidal |
Putting oneself on fire |
Complaints |
Sexual Assault |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
Difference |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
From these statistics we found out that the numbers notably increased in all directorates, especially those of the complaints. This tells us to work more on the law opposing family violence, make practical steps for implementing it and address the problems and difficulties in the way of its implementation.
Statistics of violence in Mnara Office in Hawler Governorate
With comparison of six months between 2018 and 2019
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
509 |
576 |
Statistics of family violence in Raparin Administration area:
First six months of 2019 |
First six months of 2018 |
236 |
337 |
Statistics of marriage and divorce in Raparin administration area:
|
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
Marriage |
1628 |
1486 |
Divorce |
248 |
216 |
Statistics of Reconciliation Committee in Raparin area:
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
144 |
154 |
Statistics of the courts of opposing family violence in Slemani governorate in the first six months of 2019
Incoming |
Closed |
Transferred |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
Statistics of WOLA cases in 2019
Recommendations
1. Increasing the number of investigation courts in all governorates in a way to keep the cases confidential and facilitate the procedures works.
2. Forming a misdemeanor court for family problems in all governorates.
3. Increasing the number of offices in all governorates so as to facilitate the cases’ works and help the victims due to enormity of the complaints.
4. Allocating required and appropriate buildings for the offices in a way that the places be proper and safe for the complainants and their employees and away from the neighborhoods and having sufficient securities for them.
5. Increasing the number of women at the high administration positions related to the law implementation.
6. Opening shelters for the family violence victims and separating them from other cases.
7. More attention should be given to the mental aspect of family violence victims when the complaints are processed. It is for the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Work and Social Affairs to take serious action to open mental hospitals for the victims.
8. The relevant authorities, especially the Ministry of Interior, should take serious action to disseminate awareness on the law.
9. Working on keeping the cases confidential in the courts and offices.
10. The Parliament should take serious action to amend the law opposing family violence in a way to address all the drawbacks that appeared during its implementation. This can be done through working with the organizations, judges and relevant authorities who are implementing it.
11. Providing the directorates and offices with all requirements of fuels, vehicles and police so that they can play better roles to implement the law.
12. Putting and specifying a generalized and uniformed mechanism for the courts, in terms of having types and specialties of the courts, in a way not to let any court to deal with the cases differently.
13. Appointing permanent and fixed members for Reconciliation Committees and allocating financial merits and administrative requirements for them so that they can play their important roles as a reconciliation committee to fulfill family reconciliation.
14. Working on enlarging and developing the shelters that are currently present so as to become a safe haven for the victims in a way that their safety and future are protected.
15. Appointing mandated or pro bono lawyers for the family violence victims at the stage of investigation.
16. Setting up awareness and professional training sessions for the officers and investigators of the directorates and offices as technology is progressing and electronic crimes are increasing.
17. Transferring Reconciliation Committees to the Offices so as to solve more problems and fulfill more family reconciliations
المنظمة النسائية للمساعدة القانونية
تحت رعاية NED الأمريكية
تقرير مراقبة التنفيذ
قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري
إقليم كردستان - العراق
2020
تم اعدادها من قبل
عاملين المشروع
محتويات
أولاً - محافظة السليمانية
ثانياً - محافظة اربيل
( مكتب مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة)
ثالثا - محافظة حلبجة
رابعاً: محافظة دهوك
( مكتب زاخو )
خامساً - ادارة كةرميان
سادسا - إدارة رابرين
سابعاً - استبيان
ثامناً - الإحصاء ...
التاسع – التوصيات
المقدمة
نحن كالمنظمة نتحمل مسؤولية مراقبة تنفيذ القانون المكافحة للعنف الأسري منذ صدوره تحت رعاية NED الأمريكية. نظرًا لأهمية وضرورة القانون بالنسبة للمجتمع الكوردي، فقد أولينا اهتمامًا خاصًا للمحافظات في بداية مراقبتنا. بعد مرور بضع سنوات على إصدار القانون ونشر العديد من تقاريرنا حول مراقبة القانون ، حاولنا توسيع حدود المراقبة بشكل أكبر وتغطية تلك الأماكن التي لم نرصدها حتى الآن.
تحقيقا لهذه الغاية قمنا بزيارات إلى العديد من أحياء المحافظات وراقبنا تنفيذ القانون ، كما هو مشار إليه في هذا التقرير ، حتى نتمكن من معرفة مستوى تطبيق القانون في تلك الأماكن وفي أي المستوى هو. كما تهدف زياراتنا للأماكن المذكورة إلى تحديد الصعوبات والعقبات التي تعترض امام تطبيق القانون في الأماكن التي يغطيها الرصد وتقديم إحصائيات عن تلك الأماكن.
قبل كل شيء ، يمكننا إجراء استبيان على نطاق واسع في العديد من الأماكن في الاقليم حول القانون لمكافحة العنف الأسري وأداء اللجان والمحاكم الخاصة بالعنف العائلي حتى نتمكن من معرفة مدى معرفة المواطنين بالقانون بعد مر إصدار القانون لسنوات عديدة ، إلى أي مدى تم إيلاء الاهتمام للوعي القانوني وإلى أي مدى يكتفي ضحايا العنف الأسري بأعمال محاكم العنف الأسري ولجان المصالحة.
في النهاية ، حيث تم الكشف عن الصعوبات والعقبات التي واجهتنا أثناء مراقبة القانون في الأماكن المختلفة ، قدمنا للسلطات المعنية العديد من التوصيات والمقترحات المهمة ، على أمل أن تستفيد منها وتعمل عليها من أجل معالجة الصعوبات والعقبات امام تطبيق القانون أو على الأقل تخفيضها حتى يكون القانون فعالاً كما ينبغي.
إجراءات رفع دعاوى ضحايا العنف الأسري
عندما يواجه شخص ما عنفًا عائليًا ويريد رفع دعوى قضائية ، يجب عليه اتباع بعض الإجراءات على النحو التالي:
محافظة السليمانية
وردا على ذلك قالت معاليها: "المشكلة هي أن جميع النساء يوضعن في هذا المكان". وأضافت ، "أثناء زيارة شيلتركةرميان ، اكتشفت أن الأمر كان سيئًا. ناقشت مع كل قضية في
شيلتر سليمانية،
جميعهم لديهم مشاكل قانونية.
شيلتر اربيل لديه
مشكلة مكان لأنها صغيرة وبجوار مركز الخوض. شيلتردهوك لديه مبنى جيد ومنظم للغاية ، كما كان
منسوبة لإدارتهم. المخصصات النثرية للشيلترات قليلة جدا ". كما أشارت معاليها إلى أن العمل مع المنظمات مهم للغاية حيث يقوم بعضها بتمويل الشيلترات. إلى جانب ذلك ، أبلغنا سيادتها بأهمية العمل في مستشفى سوزي دةروني. علاوة على ذلك ، أوضحنا أنه إذا تم نقل المريض الى المستشفى ، فيجب أن يكون لديه مرافق. ولكن هناك نساء ، في شيلترات، يجب نقلهن الى مستشفى سوزي داروني ولكن ليس لديهن مرافقات. لذا ، هذه مشكلة. وأشارت معاليها إلى أنها يمكن أن تفصل بين مكان لمشاكل الأسرة في شيلتر سليمانية ولكن إذا كانت أنواع الضحايا مختلطة ، فسوف ينعكس ذلك بشكل سيء عليهم. كما أبلغنا سيادتها بأن لدينا خطة لإطلاق حملة للحصول على شيلتر خاص لمشاكل الأسرة ومعاليها وجدت انها معقولة.
تلتقي عاملات المنظمة مع معالي وزيرة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية في إقليم كردستان
للتحضير لعمل مكثف وبدء حملة لتحسين وضع الشيلترات وفهم مشاكلهم وصعوباتهم ، قمنا بزيارة المدير العام للرصد الاجتماعي ومدير بيت شيلتر للنساء المهددات في سليمانية. أولاً ، للقيام بزيارة إلى بيت الشيلتر للنساء المعرضات للخطر ، قدمنا رسالة إلى المديرية العامة للرصد الاجتماعي للموافقة على زيارة الشيلتروخدماتنا القانونية لهم. بعد أن أجرينا مناقشات مع المدير العام للرصد الاجتماعي وأخبرناه بعمل وأنشطة المنظمة ومشروعنا تحت رعاية NED الأمريكية ، قدم تعاونه وتنسيقه. وبعد الحصول على إذن ، قمنا بزيارة بيت الشيلتر للنساء المعرضات للخطر في سليمانية. وأشار مدير البيت إلى أنهم يتصلون بالمنظمات بناءً على المتطلبات التي تتطلب الخدمات القانونية. وذكر أيضا أن هناك نساء يأتين إلى الشيلتر يجب نقلهن الى مستشفى سوزي داروني بسبب مشاكل صحية نفسية. لكن المستشفى يمنع دخولهم لأن الأشخاص ليس لديهم أقارب في حين أن المأوى لديه باحثون اجتماعيون يمكنهم مرافقتهم. وعلاوة على ذلك ، انتقد أنه لماذا يتم استجوابهم عندما يقبلون قضية ولكن لا يتم استجواب مستشفى سوزي دةروني . علاوة على ذلك ، قال إن المرأة التي تعاني من مشكلة الصحة العقلية تحال إلى لجنة طبية بقرار من القاضي. ثم يتم استدعاء اللجنة أمام القاضي للبت فيما إذا كانت القضية ستحال إلى مستشفى سوزي داروني. لكن هذا الإجراء لم يتحقق.
وفيما يتعلق بفصل جزء من الشيلتر إلى مشاكل الأسرة ، قال إن هيكل الشيلتر تم وضعه بطريقة لا يمكنهم تقسيمها لأنها مكلفة وحاولوا في الماضي لكنهم فشلوا. وذكر أيضا أن إحدى مشاكلهم هي نقص المراقبين وبعد العديد من الجهود يمكنهم زيادة عدد مراقبيهم من القوات النسائية البيشمركة. قاموا بإعداد دورة تدريبية مدتها (4) أيام للموظفين الجدد حول كيفية التعامل مع الحالات ، وما الذي تواجهه المراقبة إذا لم تحافظ على سرية معلومات الحالة وحالات الطوارئ. ثم ذكر أن قاضي محكمة التحقيق لمكافحة العنف الأسري هو متعاون جيد و زارهم.
وذكر لاحقا أن لديهم مشكلة وهي أن هناك قضية تم اغلاقها دون تسوية. لذلك ، لا تعرف المرأة ذات القضية المقفلة لمن يجب عليها تقديم خطاب طلبها لمغادرة المكان. على سبيل المثال ، إذا تخلت عن شكواها ، سيتم إغلاق القضية ولكن دون تسوية.
ولهذه الغاية قمنا بزيارة لرئيس محكمة الاستئناف بمنطقة سليمانية وطلبنا منه عدم إغلاق القضية ذات الصلة ما لم تتم تسويتها وإرسال رسالة إلى المحاكم الخارجية والقضاة الآخرين للتعاون معنا.
ثم ذكر المدير أنهم يعانون من مشاكل صحية عقلية وأوصلوها إلى مستشفى سوزي داروني. وليس لديهم حالات مشردين في الوقت الحالي بخلاف حالة واحدة مصابة بمرض الفصام وصامت للغاية وبدون مشكلة. ثم ذكر أنه يجب تخصيص مخصصات المخاطر لموظفي هذا المكان ، وهي إحدى المشاكل، ويجب تقديم الندوات للحالات حتى يكون لديهم وعي اجتماعي وعقلي وقانوني وكيفية التصرف والتحدث عندما هم موجودون أمام المحكمة. لذا ، نحن كالمنظمة أظهرنا استعدادنا لتقديم تلك الندوات إلى حالات الشيلتر والموظفين.
لذلك ، قررنا كالمنظمة فتح تدريب للتوعية القانونية للقضايا المتعلقة بحضورهم أمام المحكمة وردهم على أسئلة المحكمة.
تلتقي مديرة وعاملات المنظمة مع المدير العام للرصد الاجتماعي والشيلتر للنساء المهددات في سليمانية.
كالمنظمة وجدنا أنه من الضروري الحصول على آراء المحامين حول القانون المعارض للعنف الأسري ، وعيوب هذا القانون واقتراحاتهم لتحسين تطبيق القانون حيث يلعب المحامون دورًا مهمًا في المحاكم ، وتسوية القضايا ، والعمل على القوانين ، تحديد عيوب القانون ، تسليط الضوء على العيوب ومعالجتها. وهكذا ، وجدنا وجهات نظرهم اساسي.
وذكرت أن القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري ضروري لمجتمعنا. لقد كان جيدًا جدًا في الماضي ولكن مثل القوانين الأخرى يجب تعديله بالتوازي مع التطور الاجتماعي. فيما يتعلق بهذا القانون ، لانه في إطار الأسرة التي تدار هنا اكثر من خلال المعايير و التربية الاجتماعية ، يواجه تنفيذه العديد من العقبات. لذلك ، تقبل بعض العائلات والمجتمع بشكل عام هذا القانون بصعوبة. على الرغم من ذلك ، يجب تعديل القانون بطريقة يمكن من خلالها معالجة العيوب في وقت تنفيذه. ويمكن بذل الجهود لتنظيم العلاقة الأسرية مع القانون.
وقالت إنه فيما يتعلق بالتطبيق الفعلي للقانون ، يبدو في الواقع أنه خسارة أكبر للنساء. كان يجب أن تبدو مكاتب العنف الأسري وكأنها مستشفيات في تنفيذ القانون ، وكان يجب تنظيمها لحل العنف الأسري بشكل مستمر. وكان ينبغي عليهم حل المشاكل التي لا تشبه المحاكم ، أي يجب بذل الجهود لحل المشاكل حتى لا تكون قابلة للحل. بعد ذلك يمكن إعداد رسائل الشكوى وتقديمها إلى المحكمة للمحاكمة. ولكن إذا أصبحت المشكلة أكبر ، وحتى إذا تخلت المدعية عن دعواها ، فسيتم معاقبتهم على الاقل بالغرامات ، مثل غرامات النقل.
وأشارت إلى أن هناك العديد من الاقتراحات للحكومة والبرلمان. على سبيل المثال ، عندما تتم صياغة اقتراح لتعديل القانون ، يجب الحصول على الموارد من المحاكم والمنظمات ، عندها يمكن أن تذهب إلى البرلمان ليس بالطريقة الأخرى التي يصيغ بها البرلمان ثم تقوم المحاكم فقط بتطبيقه وتحصل لجنة المصالحة متاخرة وحتى في بعض الجرائم فهي غير موجودة. ويناقش تشويه الأعضاء التناسلية الأنثوية في مادة واحدة ، في حين كان يجب أن ينظر إلى قانونها ، مادتها، جريمتها وعقابها مثل أي قوانين أخرى للجرائم أو قوانين أخرى لها مواد وجرائم لها عقوبات مختلفة بشكل منفصل. وعندما يتم منح حق الحماية يجب تحديد مكان للشخص في نفس التاريخ بقرار من المحكمة ، أي أنه يجب استدعاء المتهم وأقاربه ، يجب تحديد مكان وتحديد وقت العودة إلى المنزل بموافقة من كلا الطرفين. وينبغي إنشاء مؤسسة حكومية للإشراف على الأطفال حتى لو كانت في الوقت الحالي حيث أن مسؤولية الحكومة عن حماية أفراد الأسرة والأطفال ستحل العديد من المشاكل.
وذكرت محامي عضو لجنة المصالحة أن المادة (5) من القانون تتحدث عن إحالة أصحاب الشكوى إلى لجنة المصالحة بعد انتهاء التحقيق وقبل إحالتهم إلى محكمة خاصة. لن يكون هذا مفيدًا للغاية على الرغم من أن وجود لجنة مصالحة مفيد. كما هو الحال عند انتهاء التحقيق ، فإن الأطراف الغاضبة من بعضها البعض قد قدمت بالفعل أدلة ضد بعضها البعض إلى المحكمة. لذا ، لا تستطيع لجنة المصالحة تحقيق أهدافها في ذلك الوقت. كما قال إنه في الواقع ، بقدر علمه ، فقد بذلت جهود جيدة لتنفيذ القانون ، على الرغم من عيوبه ، من خلال قاضي مخلص وإيثار من قاضي القانون والأسرة. وإلى حد ما يمكن ملاحظة الاستقرار في القانون من خلال القاضي المذكور وجهوده الدؤوبة.
وعن لجنة المصالحة قال: "بصفتي محامياً ، أنا عضو في لجنة المصالحة التابعة لمديرية مكافحة العنف الأسري المتعلقة بمحكمة التحقيق في العنف الأسري. يتم تنفيذ أعمال هذه اللجنة بشكل جيد ويشرف عليها مركز الاستشارات الأسرية. وإن كان أعضاء اللجنة يبذلون جهودهم لحل قضايا الأطراف ، فإن هدفهم لم يتحقق. غالبًا ما يكون ذلك بسبب بقاء القضايا لفترة طويلة جدًا في المحاكم ومكاتب العنف الأسري. لذا ، عندما ازدادت المشاكل ، لن تكون الأطراف مستعدة للتصالح. أو في بعض الأحيان بسبب الإخطارات التي تتم من خلال المكالمات الهاتفية ، قد يكون أحد الأطراف موجودًا ولكن قد لا يكون الطرف الآخر موجودًا حيث قد يتم إيقاف تشغيل أو تغيير رقم هاتفه. وهذا يتسبب في حضور أحد الطرفين وتغيب الطرف الآخر عدة مرات. في الواقع ، طريقة الإخطار هذه غير صالحة من الناحية القانونية. لذلك ، أقترح أنه قبل تقديم شكوى أو بدء إجراءات التحقيق ، يجب عرض القضية على لجنة المصالحة. ثم ستحقق اللجنة هدفها أكثر. ويمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال تعديل القانون المذكور في المادة (5). وأيضًا ، نظرًا لأن موقع اللجنة بعيدًا عن وسط المدينة ، فإن الأطراف التي لديها قضية مثقلة بالصعوبات وتجبر على عدم التواجد دائمًا أمام اللجنة ".
تلتقي عاملات المنظمة مع قاضي محكمة التحقيق لمكافحة العنف الأسري.
محافظة اربيل
زيارة مديرية مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة وعقد اجتماعات مباشرة مع مدير وكل مدير مكاتب قلعة ومنارة وخةبات لمناقشة آخر التغييرات امام تطبيق القانون والعقبات و الوضع لضحية العنف الأسري، اكتشفنا أن أهم قضية هي عدم وجود مستشفى للصحة النفسية للضحايا. تم الاتفاق بالإجماع على أن عدم وجود مثل هذا المستشفى في محافظة اربيل تسبب في مشكلة كبيرة للسلطات المعنية والضحايا كذلك.
قال المدير: "تحتاج الحالات في الغالب إلى مستشفى للصحة العقلية ولا نعرف إلى أين ننقلهم للإقامة والحصول على حل. وهذا يؤدي إلى إحالة مثل هذه الحالات الى
تجتمع مديرة وعاملون المنظمة مع مدير ومدراء مكاتب اربيل و خةبات
بيوت شيلتر. ونتيجة لذلك ، يخلق مشاكل كبيرة لموظفيهم وحالات أخرى ". ثم قال: "مستشفى سوزي داروني في السليماني مرتبط بهذه الحالة لكن قدراته محدودة ولا تقبل كل حالة. لذلك ، إنشاء مستشفى كبير للصحة النفسية اساسي ويجب العمل عليه ".
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي بمدير مكتب شقلاوة.
قضاء كوية
قال مدير مكتب كوية: "مكتبنا يضم المدير و (34) موظفا. أيضا طق طق ضمن منطقة كوية. لذلك ، نحن كمكتب كوية لدينا قسم لهذه المنطقة ، يتألف من (8) موظفين ".
فيما يتعلق بالمشكلات والعقبات التي تعترض طريقها ، ذكر مدير المكتب ما يلي:
وذكر مكتب كوية ، "لدينا علاقة جيدة مع قاضي محكمة كوية. إنه يتعاون معنا بشكل كبير. وبما أن كوية لديها قاضي واحد لجميع القضايا وليس لديها قاضي خاص لمشاكل الأسرة ، فقد أدى ذلك إلى تحمل أعباء قاضي كوية مسؤولية تكديس القضايا ". وقال: "لهذا السبب يجب أن يكون هناك قاضي خاص للعنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة في منطقة كوية لتسريع الأعمال وتسوية القضايا في أقرب وقت ممكن".
3. لجنة المصالحة
وذكر مدير مكتب كوية ، "بناءً على قرار القاضي ، شكلنا لجنة مصالحة في عام 2007. وتتألف من ستة أعضاء من بينهم:
تلتقي ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب كوية
“بصفتي مدير مكتب أحضر معهم في معظم الحالات وأشرف على اللجنة. علاوة على ذلك ، لدى مكتب كوية فريق متنقل يبحث باستمرار في المخيمات والمناطق النائية مع المفوضية لنشر الوعي وتقديم المساعدة لامم الامتحدة لأولئك الذين يعانون من مشاكل حتى يتم إعلامهم بالإجراءات والمبادئ التوجيهية ".
محافظة حلبجة
3 جزء من أنشطة المنظمة في محافظة حلبجة بالصور
تنظم المنظمة ندوة حول كيف يجب على النساء حماية أنفسهن في وقت مواجهة العنف.
تفتح المنظمة دورة تدريبية للتوعية بالقرى المحيطة بمحافظة حلبجة
المنظمة تعقد لقاء إرشادي شعبي حول مشاكل المواطنين في محافظة حلبجة.
تعقد المنظمة اجتماعات مع المنظمات الأخرى في محافظة حلبجة حول مشاكل المرأة
محافظة دهوك
تأسست هذه المديرية في وسط مدينة محافظة دهوك في عام 2013. في وسط مدينة محافظة دهوك يوجد مكتبان هما مكتب نزارك ومكتب دهوك. كما توجد 8 مكاتب في مناطق محافظة دهوك مثل (سميل وزاخو وعقرة وبردةرةش واميدي وشيخان وبرايةتي وشةنكال).
تم انشاء مركز الاستشارات الاسرية في عام 2013. ولديه 18 خبيراً حاصلين على شهادات عالية بما في ذلك درجات دكتوراه. سيتوفر ما يصل إلى 3 خبراء في مركز الاستشارات الاسرية على أساس يومي لغرض المصالحة بين العائلات التي لديها مشاكل ومناقشة المشاكل مع الأشخاص الذين يعانون من حالات العنف. في مركز الاستشارات الاسرية يتم لقاء أكثر من 3 حالات يوميًا لتحقيق المصالحة بينهم. في بعض الأحيان تتحسن المصالحة بينهم. وأحيانًا يكون من الصعب الحصول عليها ولا يتم حلها هناك ، خاصة في حالات الفتيات المتزوجات دون السن القانونية. وقالة مديرة المكتب: "معظم الحالات مسجلة بسبب خيانة الزوجية وسوء الفهم والمشكلات الاقتصادية والضرب". كما صرحت قائلة: "يتم تحويل بعض القضايا إلينا من المحكمة والبعض الآخر يأتي إلينا مباشرة". ثم تحدثت عن رأيها في القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري وقالت: "إن القانون جيد للغاية والذي تحميه حقوق المرأة. في السنوات الأخيرة ، فهمها الناس بشكل أفضل ".
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مديرة مركز الاستشارات الاسرية
فيما يتعلق بالحالات ، قال مدير المكتب: "نقوم حاليًا بحل معظم الحالات بأنفسنا. في هذا المكتب يتم تقديم جميع أنواع الشكاوى. وحتى درجة الرابعة ، يتم تقديم أي شكاوى تتعلق بالمرأة هنا ". وقال أيضًا: "في هذا المكتب توجد ضابطان و 3 ضابطات للتحقيق في الحالات. اولا قبل كل شيء ، يلتقي مدير المكتب بالحالات لتحديد نوع الحالة. ثم يبدأ ضابط التحقيق في التحقيق معهم ". ثم تحدث عن عملهم 24 ساعة في اليوم للتسجيل وحل القضايا. وقال أيضا إنه حتى بعد ساعات العمل ، فإنه على استعداد للتعامل مع أي حالات مخصصة إما من خلال مكالمة هاتفية أو التواجد.
وذكر في وقت لاحق أن معظم الحالات مسجلة بسبب خيانة الزوجية ، و كليمات بذيئة ومشاكل اقتصادية. فيما يتعلق بالشكاوى التي لم يتم تقديمها في المكتب هي تلك التي يتم تقديمها بين الرجل والمرأة بعد الطلاق ، خاصة بسبب الأطفال أو قضايا أخرى باستثناء الضرب ، المسجل في المكتب ، يتم إيداعه في أقسام الشرطة.
بعد ذلك قال: "يتم التحقيق مع النساء اللاتي تعرضن للتهديد سراً في وقت تقديم الشكاوى ، إذا لزم الأمر ، حتى يمكن حماية المرأة. أو سيتم نقلها إلى مركز نةوا في دهوك بناء على طلبها وقرار قاضي التحقيق ". يتمتع مكتب دهوك بعلاقة جيدة جدًا ومستمرة مع قاضي التحقيق والمراكز للحصول على معلومات حول القضايا وحلها.
وفيما يتعلق بالقانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري ، تحدث مدير المكتب عن رأيه وقال: "القانون جيد للغاية ويتم تطبيقه بشكل جيد للغاية." وقال أيضًا: "يفهم الناس حاليًا القانون. إنهم يعرفون كيف يطلبون حقوقهم بناءً على هذا القانون مقارنةً بالأوقات القديمة التي شعر فيها معظمهم بالخجل من تقديم شكوى ".
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مدير مكتب دهوك.
تلتقي ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب نزاركي.
قالت قاضية التحقيق: "زاد عدد الشكاوى لكن بعض أنواع المشاكل تضاءلت. هذا يرجع إلى حقيقة أن فهم الناس اتسع أكثر. إنهم ينظرون إلى المرأة والحياة بشكل مختلف وينظرون بشكل أفضل إلى حقوق المرأة ". وقالت أيضًا: "في الماضي كانت الشكاوى تُقدم فقط للمشكلات الكبيرة حيث كان من العار في مجتمعنا أن تُرى النساء في المكاتب والمحاكم. ولكن في الوقت الحاضر تأتي النساء لتقديم شكاوى حتى للمشاكل الصغيرة. على سبيل المثال ، تقدم النساء شكاوى قائلة إن أزواجهن يمنعونهم من القيام بعمل ما ، أو ارتداء ملابس كما يحلو لهم أو الخروج مع أصدقائهم. وهناك مشاكل أخرى مماثلة ".
وفيما يتعلق باتصال القاضية بالمكاتب والمراكز ، قالت: "أنا على اتصال دائم بهم حتى بعد ساعات العمل لمساعدة أي قضية وضحية بحاجة إلى المساعدة. وهؤلاء النساء اللواتي تعرضن للتهديدات ننقلهن في الغالب إلى المركز لحمايتهن حتى يهدأ الوضع. ولكن في بعض الحالات ، ترفض النساء البقاء في المركز. وذلك بسبب اتجاه المجتمع ونميمة الناس. في هذه الحالة لدينا تعهد الطرف الآخر لمعاقبتهم إذا انتهكوا أو يضروا المشتكيين. إذا كان هناك أي شيء ، يمكن لصاحب الشكوى تقديم شكوى أخرى ضدهم ".
وفيما يتعلق بالقانون المعارض للعنف الأسري ، أشارت إلى أن القانون جيد للغاية ويتم تطبيقه بشكل جيد للغاية ولكن يجب تعديله ومعالجة مشاكله القانونية.
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مع قاضية التحقيق في دهوك
مكتب زاخو
وذكر مدير مكتب زاخو أنه بسبب اتساع منطقة زاخو ووجود المخيمات هناك ، يتم تقديم عدد كبير من الشكاوى في مكاتبهم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يتم تقديم شكاوى من كل من منطقتي رزكاري وداركار ، اللتين تنتميان إلى منطقة زاخو ، في هذا المكتب. وقال أيضًا: "سيتم تقديم أي شكاوى متعلقة بالعائلة ، حتى الشكاوى العائلية المتعلقة بالممتلكات والعقارات ، في هذا المكتب."
"فيما يتعلق بالمشكلات التي يتم تقديم الشكاوى بشأنها ، يرجع السبب في الغالب إلى سوء التفاهم بين العائلات وسوء استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وأجهزة الاتصال. بعد تقديم الشكاوى ، يتم إجراء التحقيقات في القضايا والجهود المبذولة للمصالحة والحل من قبل مكتبنا ".قال مدير المكتب "يتم تسوية معظم القضايا من قبل المكاتب نفسها دون إحالة إلى المحاكم. ولكن إذا لزم الأمر ، وهو أمر نادر جدًا ، فسيتم إحالتهم إلى محكمة زاخو. أما المصالحة فسيتم نقلهم إلى مركز الاستشارة في دهوك." أضاف. ثم ذكر أن تلك القضايا التي تتعرض للتهديد سيتم إرسالها إلى مركز نةوا في دهوك بناء على طلب الحالات وقاضي التحقيق لحمايتها حتى تتم إزالة التهديدات أو تطلب الحالات نفسها مغادرة المركز ، وتحديدا عندما تكون السلطة تأكد من أنهم لم يعودوا تحت أي تهديدات بعد الآن. ثم قال: "نحن على اتصال مستمر بالمراكز والمحكمة لمتابعة القضايا".
ممثلة المنظمة تجتمع مع مدير مكتب زاخو.
ادارة كةرميان
وفيما يتعلق بهذه الإدارة ، قال مديرها ، "لقد تم تأسيسها منذ عام 2007. في البداية كانت أعمالها تتابع الإجراءات فقط. ومع تطبيق القانون ، يمكن للإدارة التعامل مع القضايا والتحقيق فيها ". وبخصوص قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري ، أشار إلى عدد من القضايا على النحو التالي:
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مع مدير مديرية مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة في كةرميان
وفيما يتعلق بعيوب هذه المديرية ، تحدث المدير عن أنها كمديرية لمكافحة العنف ضد المرأة تواجه بعض المشاكل في تطبيق القانون على النحو التالي:
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب كلار
تم إنشاء هذا الشيلتر لمدة 4 سنوات. لديها خدمة محدودة حيث أن من يأتي إليها يجب ألا يبقى أكثر من 72 ساعة. في بعض الحالات الخاصة ووفقًا لقرار قاضي التحقيق في العنف الأسري ، سيتم تمديد فترة الإقامة في بعض الحالات شريطة موافقة مدير الشيلتر عليها.
الحالات التي تصل إلى الشيلترهي في الغالب أولئك الذين يذهبون إلى مكاتب مكافحة العنف الأسري ، مكتب (104) أو مكاتب أخرى. لن يتم قبول أي قضية بدون قرار قاضي محكمة التحقيق. كما قرر القاضي المذكور إحالة القضية إلى الشيلتر ، سيتم تقديم ملف قبول لها وحفظها هناك.
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي بمديرة بيت شيلتر النساء في كةرميان.
ممثلة المنظمة تجتمع مع قاضي المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري في كلار
" تم انشاء مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان في عام 2017. لأولئك الذين لديهم مشاكل ويزورونها سيحصلون على المشورة وحل مشاكلهم. حتى إذا لم يتم حل مشاكلهم هناك ، فستتم متابعتهم هناك بعد تقديم الشكاوى". قالت مديرة مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان . وأشارت أيضا إلى أن من يريد محاميا ، سيزودهم بمحامي مجاني عبر المنظمة النسائية للمساعدة القانونية. ثم قالت إن مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان يتكون من بعض الأقسام بما في ذلك:
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مديرة مركز الاستشارات الاسرية كةرميان.
صدر امر إنشاء هذا المكتب عام 2007. ولكنه بدأ في التحقيق في الحالات وقبولها عام 2007. وكان في السابق يتابع إجراءات المتابعة.
وذكر مدير مكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري أن النواحي مثل سةيدا وشاكةل وخان وسةرقةلا وكولةجو وكوكس وغيرها من النواحي يتعلق بها. يأتي الناس إليهم على أساس يومي في وقت وجود مشاكل عائلية وتقديم شكاوى ويقومون بالتحقيق فيها. وعن القانون المناهض للعنف الأسري ، قال: "المستوى الذي يتم فيه تطبيق القانون جيد ، لكننا نوصي بتعديله لأنه في الواقع له العديد من العوائق. عندما يتم وضع قانون للممارسة ، يجب أن تؤخذ في الاعتبار الحياة وسبل العيش والتقاليد حيث أن التقليد هو مصدر القانون. لذلك ، على اللجنة التي تضع القانون أن تأخذ بعين الاعتبار آراء بعض الحاكمون والأساتذة. كواحد من أعظم أخطاء هذا القانون هو أنه يشير إلى أمثلة بينما في الواقع لا ينبغي أن تكون هناك أمثلة في القانون ويجب أن يكون هناك تعبير عام وشاملي. لا يجب أن يقول القانون أن هذه على سبيل المثال هي أعمال عنف ومحصورة بينما يجب أن تكون هي نفسها مثل قانون العقوبات العراقي حيث أنها لا تشير إلى أي أمثلة. عندما تكون هناك أمثلة في القانون يصبح محصورا ولا يتجاوز الأمثلة ".
ثم تحدث مدير مكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري عن خطأ آخر ملحوظ في هذا القانون وقال: "على الرغم من أن هذا القانون يسمى قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري ، فإنه في الواقع ليس كذلك. كما يشير القانون بدلاً من ذلك إلى العنف ضد المرأة ولا يشير أبداً إلى العنف ضد الرجال. لذلك ، إنه قانون غير عادل حيث يكمل الرجل والمرأة بعضهما البعض في المجتمع. "
وفيما يتعلق بلجنة المصالحة الأسرية في كفري ، قال مدير مكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري أن لجنة المصالحة الاسرية تتكون من (5) أعضاء بما في ذلك (2) محامون مجانيون (1) الملا و (2) موظفو من الباحثين لمكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري. ولم يتم تحديد وقت اجتماع لجنة المصالحة الاسرية حيث يتم عقد الاجتماعات وفقًا للحالات المتاحة ، أي إذا قدمت قضية شكوى وأحالها قاضي التحقيق إلى لجنة المصالحة الاسرية ، فسيتم عقد اجتماع اللجنة وفي القانون ، نص على إنفاق مبلغ 30،000 دينار عراقي لاجتماع اللجنة ولكن حتى الآن لم يتم إنفاق أي شيء لهم. وفيما يتعلق بالدورة التدريبية والندوات ونشر الوعي ، قالت المديرة ، "إننا نقيمها باستمرار في روضات والمدارس ، خاصة في تشرين الثاني عند إطلاق حملة حول العنف ضد المرأة".
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مديرمكتب كفري لمكافحة العنف الأسري
إدارة رابةرين
بينما التقينا مع مدير مكتب رانية ، قال إنه لا يوجد سوى مكتب واحد في جميع أنحاء منطقة رابةرين بخلاف أن العديد من القرى والنواحي المحيطة برانية يتعلق بهذا المكتب.
تجتمع ممثلة المنظمة مع مدير مكتب رانية
ممثلة المنظمة تجتمع مع مدير قسم الجريمة والحركة
قسم الإحصاءات والتخطيط: حيث يتم جمع إحصائيات جميع الحالات المقبولة لديهم وتسجيل جميع المعلومات المتعلقة بالشكاوى.
وفيما يتعلق بالنواقص الموجودة في مكتب رانية ، قال مدير مكتب رانية ، “لدينا العديد من أوجه القصور فيما يتعلق بالموظفين. أيضا ، لدينا عدد قليل من الضباط والموظفين. علاوة على ذلك ، ليس لدينا ميزانية بخلاف حقيقة أننا مدعومون ماليًا من قبل المنظمات.
سألت مدير مكتب رانية عما إذا كان وجود مكتب واحد كافياً لمشاكل الأسرة في المنطقة. وردًا على ذلك قال: "نحن تحت ضغط كبير. لذا ، يجب أن يكون هناك بعض المكاتب الأخرى في المنطقة. على سبيل المثال ، من الضروري وجود مكتب لمكافحة العنف الأسري في كل من حاجي اوا وجوارقورنة. أيضا ، يجب أن يكون هناك مكتبان في بلدة رانية لتقليل الضغط علينا وتنفيذ أعمالنا هنا بشكل أفضل. " ثم أشار إلى أن عدم وجود محكمة تحقيق للعنف الأسري يخلق مشكلة أخرى ويجعلهم غير قادرين على حل القضايا في أقصى فترة زمنية.
وعن أسباب المشاكل الأسرية ، قال مدير مكتب رانية ، "إن المستوى المنخفض للتعليم بين أفراد الأسرة يسبب مشاكل. بما أن الثقافة الأبوية حتى الآن منتشرة في جزء من أسر المجتمع. كما أن بعض الأشخاص الذين لا يؤمنون بالنظام القانوني لا يحلون خلافاتهم من خلال القانون عندما يواجهون العنف ".
ممثلة المنظمة تلتقي مدير مديرية مكافحة العنف
وذكر أيضا أن هناك الكثير من العنف فيما يتعلق بالاقتصاد لأن معظم الحالات التي تأتي إليهم تتحدث عن أن أزواجهن لا ينفقون أموالاً عليهم. وهناك حالات طردها أزواجهن ولا ينفقون أموالهم عليهم وعلى أطفالهم. هذا هو سبب آخر وراء مشاكل القضايا. وفيما يتعلق بالخيانة الزوجية والاعتداء الجنسي ، هناك حالات أقل. في بعض الأحيان يكون هناك تدخل خارجي في حياة الأسرة حيث أنه في كثير من الأحيان يخلق مشاكل للأسرة. أيضًا ، نظرًا لأن الطرفين لا يتصرفان بشكل صحيح تجاه بعضهما البعض ويسيئون فهم بعضهما البعض ، فإن المشاكل سوف تنشأ.
ذكر مدير مكت رانية أنه عندما يأتي إليهم شخص ما ، يتعرض لسوء المعاملة الجسدية ، يقوم بنقلها مباشرة إلى أقرب مركز صحي للعلاج حتى يتمكنوا من الحصول على تقرير طبي أولي. ثم بعد أن يحصلوا على إفادة منها ، سينقلونها إلى المحكمة. بعد ذلك ، تقرر المحكمة وضعها في سجن رابةرين لأنهم لا يملكون شيلتر. لذا ، فإنهم ملزمون بوضعها في السجن إذا لم يستقبلها أي من أقاربها. غالبًا ما تذهب القضية إلى منزل قريبها على مسؤوليتها. إذا لم يكن هناك من يعتني بها ، فسوف ينقلونها إلى بيت شيلتر سليمانية. قال مدير مكتب رانية "هذه هي المشكلة بالنسبة لنا وسلامة القضية. لذلك ، حان الوقت لإنشاء شيلتر خاص لإيواء ضحايا العنف الأسري في هذه الإدارة."
وعن الخط الساخن قال مدير مديرية مكافحة العنف ضد الأسرة والمرأة: "عندما يواجه شخص لديها مشكلة ، رقم (119) سيتم الرد عليها من سليمانية. ثم سيتم إبلاغنا بالقضية. بعد ذلك ، سنساعدها قدر الإمكان. وسنقوم بمتابعة القضية وبذل الجهود لحلها. في كثير من الأحيان ، لا تطلب القضية سوى إرشادات ونقدمها لها ".
أما بالنسبة لسؤال آخر فقد وجهنا للمدير ما إذا كان لديهم ضابطة. وردًا على ذلك قال: "معظم العاملين في الشعب هم من الإناث. لكن ليس لدينا ضابطات غير أن لدينا موظفات ".
فيما يتعلق محكمة تحقيق رانية ، بخلاف حالات التحقيق ، يتم عرض جميع الحالات العائلية في محكمة تحقيق رانية هذا بسبب عدم وجود محكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري في رانية. لذا ، خلق هذا وضعا لا يمكنهم فيه التفريق بين القضايا العائلية والحالات الأخرى كما جاء في القانون المعارض للعنف الأسري.
أدى عدم وجود محكمة خاصة لمشاكل الأسرة إلى أنها تستغرق وقتًا طويلاً حتى يتم حلها. لذلك من الضروري تشكيل محكمة خاصة بمشكلات الأسرة كما جاء في القانون.
استبيان
أجرينا في هذا التقرير استبيانًا في إقليم كردستان بخصوص قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري لمعرفة مدى إدراك المواطنين للقانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري وإلى أي مدى لديهم معلومات عن المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. أو إذا واجهوا مشكلة ، هل أتوا للمحكمة؟ إلى أي مدى تعاونت لجنة المصالحة معهم وبذلت جهودا لحل مشاكلهم. ثم سئلوا عن أنواع العنف التي ارتكبت ضدهم. مع هذه الأسئلة وغيرها ، اكتشفنا أن قلة قليلة من المواطنين على دراية بالقانون المعارض للعنف الأسري أو المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. لذلك ، نجد أن على السلطات المختصة اتخاذ إجراءات جادة نحو تنفيذ القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري من خلال مساعدة المواطنين على إدراك وجود مثل هذا القانون.
نتائج الاستبيان
عمر المشاركين |
14 - 50 |
الجنس |
كلاهما |
مكان المشاركين |
اقليم كوردستان |
السؤال 1: إلى أي مدى لديك معلومات عن القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
نتيجة لهذا الاستبيان ، اكتشفنا أن 38٪ من المشاركين ليس لديهم أي معلومات عن القانون الذي يعارض العنف الأسري ، و 56٪ منهم إلى حد ما على دراية به ، وأولئك الذين يعرفون ذلك تمامًا هم عدد قليل جدًا 6٪ منهم. هذا هو السبب في أنه يجب أخذ ذلك في الاعتبار لأن القانون الذي صدر لسنوات عديدة وتطبيقه في المحكمة معروف من قبل عدد قليل من الناس. جدير بالذكر أن الذين شاركوا في الاستبيان كانوا من ذوي المشاكل وزاروا المحاكم. لذا ، كان يجب أن يكونوا على دراية بذلك تمامًا. عند هذه النقطة ، سنكتشف أنه إذا تم إجراء استبيان آخر بين الأشخاص الذين لم يزوروا المحاكم ، فسيكون من المستحيل عليهم الحصول على معلومات معقولة عن القانون. هذا هو السبب في أنه من الضروري أن تعمل السلطات والمنظمات ذات الصلة بشكل أكبر على نشر الوعي.
السؤال 2: إلى أي مدى لديك معلومات عن المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
اكتشفنا من هنا أن المواطنين ليس لديهم معلومات عن القانون ، لذلك ليس لديهم معلومات عن المحكمة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. لذلك ، العمل على وعي المواطنين بوجود مثل هذه المحكمة أمر ضروري للغاية.
السؤال3: إلى أي مدى تتفق مع أعضاء لجنة المصالحة؟ هل يمكن أن يكونوا متعاونين ، حسب الاقتضاء ، لحل مشكلتك؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.75% |
45.28% |
25% |
من هنا اكتشفنا أن لجنة المصالحة يمكنها إلى حد ما أن تلعب هذا الدور العظيم. نظرًا لأن المعدل ليس مرتفعًا جدًا ، فمن الضروري أن يلعب أعضاء لجنة المصالحة دورًا أفضل في معالجة الحالات وتحقيق المصالحة الأسرية. وفي الوقت نفسه ، ينبغي إيلاء المزيد من الاهتمام لهذه اللجنة ، وتخصيص الميزانيات المطلوبة لها مقابل أتعاب الخبراء وجميع المخصصات المطلوبة. كما يجب أن يكونوا أكثر انفتاحًا في أعمالهم من أجل تحسين دورهم في المصالحة بين العائلات.
السؤال 4: ما نوع العنف الذي ارتكب ضدك؟
نفسي |
جسدي |
جنسي |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
من هذه النتيجة اكتشفنا أن معظم الضحايا واجهوا العنف. في العائلات ، تم ارتكاب العنف النفسي ضد الضحايا مثل الإهانات والكلمات البذيئة. هذا هو السبب في ضرورة إيلاء الاهتمام الكامل للجانب العقلي للضحايا. وعند زيارتهم للسلطات المختصة ، ينبغي بذل الجهود لإعادة بناء الجانب العقلي للضحايا. ويجب فتح مستشفى الصحة النفسية لهم.
السؤال 5: إلى أي مدى تعاون معك قاضي المحكمة وموظفيها لمكافحة العنف الأسري ويسهل عملك؟
لا |
إلى حد ما |
كثير |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
19% |
من هنا اكتشفنا أن القضاة وأعضاء المحاكم تعاونوا مع قضايا الأسرة ، حسب الاقتضاء. هذا أمر يستحق الثناء. لكن أولئك الذين ليس لديهم رأي جيد في المحاكم ليسوا قليلين. والسبب في ذلك يعود إلى الإجراءات القانونية وضخامة القضايا وقلة القضاة والموظفين. كما هو الحال عندما يقدم مواطن شكوى لا تذهب إلى المحكمة لأن القضايا تستغرق وقتًا طويلاً هناك حتى يتم تسويتها بسبب ضخامة القضايا وقلة القضاة والموظفين. لذلك يشعر المواطنون بالانزعاج وعدم الارتياح تجاه المحاكم.
السؤال 6: هل تم التحقيق معك سراً؟
كلا |
نعم |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
بناءً على القانون المعارض للعنف الأسري ، يجب أن تكون التحقيقات في قضايا الأسرة سرية. لكن هذه النتيجة تخبرنا أن السرية الضرورية في مثل هذه الحالات موجودة بنسبة صغيرة. هناك أسباب عديدة وراء ذلك من بينها عدم وجود محكمة خاصة لمكافحة العنف الأسري. سبب آخر هو أن محكمة الجنح تنظر في جميع الدعاوى القضائية ولدى محكمة التحقيق العديد من ملفات الشكاوى. من ناحية أخرى ، حيث لا يوجد مكان مناسب لمحكمة التحقيق ، يجري خلط. كما أن عدم وجود مكان مناسب للتحقيق في قضايا الأسرة ، كما يحدث في كثير من الأحيان أن يتم التحقيق في غرفة صغيرة مع وجود العديد من المحققين ، يؤدي إلى عدم سرية القضايا تمامًا. وكل هذه الأسباب ترجع إلى إهمال السلطات المختصة.
السؤال 7: من ارتكب العنف ضدك؟
أب حتى الصف الرابع
زوج (رجل) |
زوجة (امراة) |
أخ |
أب |
أم |
بنت |
اخرون حتى درجة رابعة |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0,85% |
0,85% |
16.23% |
نتيجة لهذا الاستبيان اكتشفنا أن معظم من يرتكبون العنف هم من الذكور والأزواج ضد زوجاتهم. لذلك ، يجب أن يكون الذكور أكثر وعيا من خلال فتح أنواع مختلفة من الدورات التدريبية للتوعية التي يمكن من خلالها تخفيض معدلات العنف.
السؤال 8: كم من الوقت يستغرق حل قضيتك في المكمة؟
1 – 3 شهور |
3 - 6 شهور |
6 شهور - سنة واحدة وأكثر |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
ونتيجة لذلك اكتشفنا أن المشكلات الموجودة في المحاكم تستغرق وقتًا طويلاً حتى يتم حلها. وكثيراً ما استغرقت القضايا وقتاً طويلاً ولم تتوصل إلى تسوية ، تخلى أصحاب الشكوى عن شكاواهم. كان هذا في كثير من الأحيان بسبب قلة القضاة والموظفين في تلك المحكمة. لهذا السبب يجب على السلطة المختصة أن تبذل جهودًا جادة لتوفير المزيد من القضاة والموظفين للمحاكم حتى لا يفقد أصحاب الشكوى حقوقهم بتأجيل قضاياهم وأن يكونوا يائسين في تقديم شكاواهم.
الإحصاء
المديرية |
عام 2018 |
عام 2019 |
اربيل |
3351 |
4228 |
دهوك |
2586 |
2537 |
سليمانية |
2000 |
3226 |
كرميان |
1024 |
999 |
رابةرين |
555 |
807 |
سوران |
306 |
284 |
مكان |
القتل |
الانتحار |
وضع نفسه على النار |
شكاوى |
اعتداء جنسي |
اربيل |
14 |
14 |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
دهوك |
14 |
21 |
30 |
2486 |
35 |
سليمانية |
12 |
15 |
18 |
1909 |
45 |
كرميان |
3 |
6 |
12 |
991 |
12 |
رابةرين |
1 |
9 |
8 |
522 |
15 |
سوران |
1 |
2 |
7 |
290 |
6 |
المجموع |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
مكان |
القتل |
الانتحار |
وضع نفسه على النار |
شكاوى |
اعتداء جنسي |
اربيل |
16 |
29 |
25 |
4494 |
54 |
دهوك |
7 |
17 |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
سليمانية |
12 |
16 |
22 |
3427 |
49 |
كرميان |
1 |
0 |
0 |
989 |
9 |
رابةرين |
2 |
2 |
10 |
579 |
15 |
سوران |
2 |
4 |
8 |
269 |
1 |
المجموع |
41 |
69 |
102 |
11907 |
155 |
4. مقارنة إحصائيات جميع مديريات مكافحة العنف ضد الأسر والنساء في إقليم كردستان بين عامي 2018 و 2019.
عام |
القتل |
الانتحار |
وضع نفسه على النار |
شكاوى |
اعتداء جنسي |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
الفرق |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
من هذه الإحصائيات وجدنا أن الأعداد ازدادت بشكل ملحوظ في جميع المديريات ، وخاصة تلك الشكاوى. هذا يخبرنا أن نعمل أكثر على قانون مكافحة العنف الأسري ، وأن نتخذ خطوات عملية لتطبيقه ومعالجة المشاكل والصعوبات التي نواجه امام تنفيذه.
إحصائيات العنف في مكتب منارة بمحافظة اربيل
مقارنة بستة شهور بين 2018 و 2019
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
509 |
576 |
إحصائيات العنف الأسري في منطقة إدارة رابةرين:
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
337 |
236 |
إحصائيات الزواج والطلاق في منطقة إدارة رابةرين:
|
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
الزواج |
1628 |
1486 |
الطلاق |
248 |
216 |
إحصائيات لجنة المصالحة بمنطقة رابارين:
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2018 |
الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019 |
144 |
154 |
إحصائيات محاكم مكافحة العنف الأسري بمحافظة السليمانية في الأشهر الستة الأولى من عام 2019
وارد |
مغلق |
احالة |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
إحصائيات حالات المنظمة النسائية للمساعدة القانونية في عام 2019
التوصيات
Women’s Legal Assistance Organization
With the support of the NED
A Report for Monitoring the Implementation
of the Domestic Violence Law
Kurdistan Region - Iraq
2020
Prepared by
The Project Staff
Contents
First – Slemani Governorate
Second – Hawler Governorate
(Office of Opposing Violence against Family and Women)
Third – Halabja Governorate
Fourth – Duhok Governorate
( Zakho Office )
Fifth – Garmian Administration
Sixth – Raparin Administration
Seventh – Questionnaire
Eighth – Statistics…
Nineth – Recommendations
Introduction
We as WOLA bore the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the law opposing family violence since its issuance under the auspices of American NED. Due to the significance and necessity for the law for Kurdish community we notably gave attention to the governorates at the beginning of our monitoring. After some years passed the issuance of the law and many of our reports were disseminated on monitoring the law, we attempted to expand our monitoring limits more and cover those places that we did not monitor so far.
To this end we paid visits to many districts of the governorates and monitored the implementation of the law, as it was referred to them in this report, in order for us to know how the level of the law implementation is in those places and at what level it is. Also, our visits to the mentioned places aimed at determining the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law in the places where the monitoring covered and providing statistics of those places in question.
Above all, we could conduct a widespread questionnaire in many places of the region on the law opposing family violence and the performances of the committees and courts for family violence in order for us to know to what extent the citizens are familiar with the law after the law issuance passed many years, to what extent attention was given to legal awareness and to what extent the victims of family violence are content with works of the courts of family violence and reconciliation committees.
In the end, as the difficulties and obstacles were revealed to us while monitoring the law in the different places, we provided the relevant authorities with many important recommendations and propositions, hoping that they would benefit from them and work on them so as to address the difficulties and obstacles in the way of implementing the law or at least decrease them so that the law can be effective as it should be.
The procedures of filing lawsuits by the victims of family violence
When someone faces a family violence and wants to file a lawsuit, they should follow some procedures as follows:
Slemani Governorate
WOLA staff members meet with Her Excellency the Minister of Work and Social Affairs of Kurdistan region
And we informed Her Excellency that we want to work on having a place or a house of shelter for family problems not in the way that is used to be.
To make preparations for an extensive work and launch a campaign for improving the Shelters’ situation and understanding their problems and difficulties, we paid a visit to the Director General of Social Monitoring and the Manager of Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. First, to pay a visit to the Shelter House for Threatened Women, we submitted a letter to the Directorate General of Social Monitoring to approve of the visit to Shelter and our legal service to them. After we made discussion with the Director General of Social Monitoring and informed him about the work and activities of WOLA and our project under the auspices of American NED, he offered his cooperation and coordination. And after we got permission, we visited Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani. The House Manager referred to that they contact the organizations based on requirements that when legal services are required. Also, he stated that there are women who come to the Shelter should be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital as they have mental health problems. But the Hospital prevents their admission as the subjects don’t have relatives while the Shelter has social researchers who can accompany them. Furthermore, he lashed out that why they are questioned when they admit a case but Sozi Daruni Hospital is not questioned. Moreover, he said that a woman with mental health problem is referred to a medical committee by the judge’s decision. Then the committee is summoned in front of the judge to decide whether the case to be committed to Sozi Daruni Hospital. But this procedure is not materialized.
Regarding separating part of Shelter to the family problems, he said that the structure of Shelter was laid out in a way that they cannot split it as it is costly and they attempted in the past but they failed. Also, he mentioned that one of their problems was shortages of monitors and after many efforts they could increase the number of their monitors from the Peshmarga Women Forces. They set up a (4) day training session for the new employees on how to deal with the cases, what the monitor face if they don’t keep the case’s information confidential and emergency. Then he mentioned that the judge of the investigation court for opposing family violence is a good cooperator who visited them.
Later he mentioned that they have a problem which is that a case which was closed without being settled. Therefore, a woman with a closed case does not know to whom she should submit her request letter to leave the place. For example, if she gives up her complaint, the case will be closed but without being settled.
To this end we paid a visit to the President of the Court of Appeal of Slemani Area and requested him not to close the related case unless it is settled and to send letter to the outside courts and other judges to cooperate with us.
Then Manager mentioned that they had mental health problem cases and committed them to Sozi Daruni Hospital. And they don’t have homeless cases for the time being other than one case which has Schizophrenia and who is very silent and without problem. Next, he mentioned that risk allowances should be allocated for the employees of this place, which is one of the problems, and seminars should be presented to the cases in order for them to have social, mental and legal awareness and how to behave and speak when they are present in front of the court. So, we as WOLA showed our readiness to present those seminars to the Shelter cases and employees.
Therefore, as WOLA we decided to open legal awareness training for the cases regarding their being present in front of the court and their answering to the questions of the court.
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director General of Social Monitoring and Shelter House for Threatened Women in Slemani.
As WOLA we found it necessary to have the views of the lawyers on the law opposing family violence, the drawbacks of this law and their suggestions for better implementing the law as the lawyers play an important role at the courts, settling the cases, working on the laws, discerning the drawbacks of the law, highlighting on the drawbacks and addressing them. Thus, we found their views indispensable.
She mentioned that the law opposing family violence is necessary for our community. It was very good in the past but like other laws it needs to be amended in parallel with social development. Regarding this law, as it is within the framework of a family which is here more run by social parameters and education, its implementation faces many obstacles. Therefore, some families and the community in general accept this law with difficulty. Notwithstanding, the law needs to be amended in a way that the drawbacks at the time of its implementation could be addressed. And efforts could made to organize family relationship with law.
She said that regarding actual implementation of the law, in fact it appears to be a greater loss for women. The family violence offices should have been looked like hospitals in the implementation of the law and should have been organized for solving family violence persistently. And they should have solved the problems not like the courts, i.e. efforts for solving the problems should be made until it is unsolvable. After that complaint letters can be prepared and presented to the court for trial. But if the problem became bigger and even if the plaintiff gave up her lawsuit, they will be punished at least by fines, for example fines of transports.
She referred to that there are many suggestions for the government and parliament. For example, when a motion for a law amendment is drafted resources should be obtained from the courts and organizations, then it can go to parliament not the other way around that the parliament draft the motion then the courts merely implement it and the reconciliation committee is behind and even in some crimes the it is nonexistent. And female genital mutilation is discussed in one article whereas its law, article, crime and punishment should have been looked like any other crime laws or other laws whose articles and crimes hav different punishment seperately. And when protection right is given a place should be set for the person on the same date by a court’s decision i.e. the accused and their relatives should be summoned, a place should be set and the time for returning to home should be set with the consent of both parties. And a governmental foundation should be established for supervising children even if it is for the time being as the government’s responsibility for protecting family individuals and children will solve many problems.
A lawyer who is a member of Reconciliation Committee mentioned that the article (5) of the law talks about sending the complainants to Reconciliation Committee after the investigation is finished and before referring them to a special court. This will not be very beneficial although having a Reconciliation Committee is useful. As when the investigation is finished the parties who are angrier with each other already submitted evidences against each other to the court. So, Reconciliation Committee cannot achieve its goals at the time. Also, he said that in fact as far as he was informed good efforts had been made to implement the law, despite its drawbacks, by dint of a loyal and altruist judge of law and family. And to some extent stability can be noticed in the law through the said judge and his tireless efforts.
Regarding Reconciliation Committee he said, “As a lawyer I am a member of Reconciliation Committee of Directorate of Opposing Family Violence pertaining to Investigation Court for Family Violence. The works of this Committee is well carried out and supervised by Family Counsel Center. Albeit the Committee’s members exert their efforts to solve the cases of the parties, their aim is not achieved. Often it is because the cases remained for too long in the courts and offices of family violence. So, as the problems went bigger, the parties would not be willing to reconcile. Or sometimes due to the notifications made by phone calls, one party might be present but the other one might not be present as their phone number might be switched off or changed. This causes one party to be present and the other one be absent for several times. In fact, this method of notification is legally not valid. Therefore, I propose that prior to filing complaint or starting the investigation procedures, the case should be submitted to Reconciliation Committee. Then the Committee will achieve its aim more. This can be fulfilled by amending the law, which was mentioned in the article (5). Also, as the Committee’s location is away from the city center, the parties having a case is being burdened with difficulties and forced not to be always present in front of the Committee.”
WOLA staff members meet with the judge of investigation court for opposing family violence.
Hawler Governorate
Visiting Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women and having first hand meetings with the Director and each Manager of the Offices of Qala, Mnara and Khabat to discuss on the latest changes in the way of implementing the law, the obstacles and the family violence victims’ situation, we found out the most important issue is the lack of a mental health hospital for the victims. It was unanimously agreed that the lack of such a hospital in Halwler governorate caused a great problem for the relevant authorities and the victims as well.
The Director said, “The cases often need mental health hospital and we don’t know to where we transfer them to stay and get solution. This leads such cases to be referred to
WOLA manager and staff members meet with the Director and Managers of the Offices of Hawler and Khabat.
shelter houses. As a result, it creates big problems for their employees and other cases.” Then he stated, “ Sozi Daruni Hospital of Slemani is related to this situation but it has a limited capacity and does not admit every case. Therefore, establishing a big mental health hospital is indispensable and work should be done on it.”
WOLA representative meets with the Head of Shaqlawa Office.
Koya District
The Manager of Koya Office stated, “Our Office includes the Manager and (34) employees. Also Taq Taq is within the district of Koya. So, we as Koya Office have a section for this area, comprising of (8) employees.”
Regarding the problems and obstacles in the way of them, the Office Manager listed the following:
The Koya Office stated, “We have a good tie with the judge of Koya court. He is hugely cooperating with us. And as Koya has one judge for all the cases and does not have a special judge for the family problems, this led to the burdened responsibility on the shoulder of the judge of Koya for having accumulated cases.” He said, “This is why there should be a special judge for violence against family and women in Koya district so as to expedite the works and settle the cases as soon as possible.”
Koya Office Manager stated, “Based on the judge’s decision we set up a Reconciliation Committee in 2007. It comprises of six members including:
WOLA representative meets with the Koya Office Manager.
“I as the Office Manager attend with them in most of the cases and supervise the Committee. Moreover, Koya Office has a mobile team who continuously searches in the camps and remote areas with UNHCR to spread awareness and offer help to those who have problems so that they can be informed of the procedures and guidelines.”
Halabja Governorate
|
WOLA organizes a seminar on how women should protect themselves at the time of facing violence.
|
WOLA opens an awareness training session for the villages surrounding Halabja governorate.
|
WOLA holds a popular counselling meeting on the problems of the citizens in Halabja governorate.
|
WOLA holds a meeting with the other organizations of Halabja governorate on the problems of women.
Duhok Governorate
1. Directorate of Opposing Violence against Family and Women
This Directorate was established in Duhok governorate city center in 2013. In the Duhok governorate city center there are two offices namely Nzarke Office and Duhok Office. Also, there are 8 offices in the districts of Duhok governorate like, ( Smel, Zakho, Akre, Barderash, Amedi, Shekhan, Brayati and Shangal)
2. Family counsel center
FCC was set up in 2013. It has 18 experts who holds high certificates including doctorate degrees. Up to 3 experts will be available at FCC on daily basis for the purpose of reconciling the families having problems and discussing the problems with the people having cases of violence. At FCC more than 3 cases are received and met daily to bring about reconciliation among them. Sometimes reconciliation gets the better of them. And sometimes it is difficult to obtain and is not solved there, especially with cases who are underaged married girls. The Office Manager said, “Most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, misunderstanding, economic problems and beating.” Also, she stated, “Some cases are transferred to us from the court and others directly come to us.” Then she talked about her view of the law opposing family violence and said, “The law is very good and by which the women rights are protected. In recent years people have better understood it.”
WOLA representative meets with FCC manager.
3. Duhok Office
Regarding the cases the Office Manager said, “We currently solve most of the cases ourselves. At this Office all kinds of complaints are filed. And up to grade four any complaints that are related to women are filed here.” He also said, “In this Office there are 2 female officers and 3 male officers to investigate the cases. To begin with, the Office Manager meets with the cases to determine the type of the case. Then the investigation officer starts investigating them.” Then he talked about that they are at work 24 hours a day to register and solve the cases. Also, he said that even after working hours he is willing to deal with any ad hoc cases either through telephone call or presence.
Later he mentioned that most of the cases are registered due to marital infidelity, swear words and economic problems. Regarding the complaints that are not filed in the Office are those that are made between man and woman after divorce, especially because of children or other issues except beating, which is registered at the Office, are filed at the police stations.
Afterwards he said, “The women who were under threats are secretly investigated at the time of filing complaints, if need be, so that the woman can be protected. Or she will be transferred to Nawa Center in Duhok at her request and the investigation judge’s decision.” Duhok Office has a very good and continuous tie with the investigation judge and the Centers for cases’ information and solution.
With regard to the law opposing family violence, the Office Manager talked about his view and said, “The law is very good and is applied very well.” Also, he said, “Currently people understood the law. They know how to ask for their rights based on this law compared to the old times when most of them felt shame to file a complaint.”
WOLA representative meets with Duhok Office Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Nzarke Office Manager.
4. Investigation court for opposing violence in Duhok
The investigation judge stated, “The number of complaints increased but some types of problems dwindled. This is due to the fact that people’s understanding broadened more. They look at women and life differently and better consider the rights of women.” Also, she said, “In the old times complaints were only filed for big problems as it was shame in our community for women to be seen at the offices and courts. But nowadays women come to file complaints even for the small problems. For example, women file complaints saying that their husbands prevent them from doing a job, wearing clothes as they wish or going out with their friends. And there are other similar problems.”
With regard to the judge’s contact with the offices and centers, she said, “I am continuously in contact with them even after the working hours to help any case and victim who needs help. And those women who were under threats we often transfer them to the Center to be protected until the situation is calmed down. But in some cases, the women refuse to stay at the Center. And this is due to the community’s trend and people’s gossip. In this case we have the pledge of the other party to punish them if they violate or harm the complainants. If there is any, the complainant can file another complaint against them.”
Regarding the law opposing family violence, she mentioned that the law is very good and applied very well but it needs to be amended and have its legal problems addressed.
WOLA representative meets with Duhok investigation judge
5. Zakho district
Zakho Office
Zakho Office Manager mentioned that due to the broadness of Zakho area and presence of the camps there, a huge number of complaints is filed in their Office. Also, complaints from both subdistricts of Rzgari and Darkar, which belong to Zakho district, are filed in that Office. Also, he said, “Any complaints related to family, even family complaints related to property and estates, will be filed in this Office.”
“Regarding those problems for which complaints are filed are mostly due to misunderstanding among the families and misuse of social media and communication devices. After the complaints are filed investigations are made with the cases and efforts for reconciliation and solution are made by our Office,” he said. “Most cases are settled by the Offices themselves without being transferred to the courts. But if it needs be, which is very rare, they will be referred to Zakho Court. As for reconciliation, they will be transferred to Counselling Center in Duhok.” He added. Then he mentioned that those cases that are under threats will be sent to Nawa Center in Duhok at the request of the cases and investigation judge to protect them until the threats are removed or the cases themselves request to leave the Center, specifically when the authority is certain that they are not under any threats any more. Then he said, “We are continuously in contact with the centers and court to follow up the cases.”
WOLA representative meets with Zakho Office Manager.
Garmian Administration
1. Directorate for Opposing Violence against family and Women
With regard to this Administration, their Manager said, “This has been established since 2007. At first its works were only following up procedures. As the law was put in to practice, the Administration could deal with the cases and investigate them.” Concerning the law opposing family violence, he pointed to a number of cases as follows:
1. This law has drawbacks; therefore, it should be amended as it seems to them the works are carried out with difficulties. For example, the article (7) of the law talks about some routines which are related to daily life like murder cases which should not be investigated by such offices for family violence and should be transferred to police stations by judge’s order. That is, the cases of article (7) of family violence should pertain to misdemeanor court not felony court. But they investigate those cases that belong to felony court.
2. Another drawback of the law is that it did not talk about the wrongdoings committed against men in the families. For example, this law did not mention a case in which a wife attacks her husband or marital infidelity happens.
3. Another more drawback is that the cases should be for the investigators, i.e. in the offices of opposing family violence the misdemeanor and felony investigators should be separated from each other. So, an investigator should view misdemeanor cases and another investigator should view felony cases.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate Opposing Violence against Family and Women in Garmian.
2. The Obstacles in the Way of Implementing the Law
Concerning the defects of this Directorate, the Director talked about that as Directorate of Opposing Violence against Women they have some problems in the way of implementing the law as follows:
v The lack of employees and an allocated building.
v The Garmian Shelter House is not sufficient and its working hours are few.
v The lack of a mental health hospital to be designed for the victims of family violence.
v The lack of a hotline. Albeit there is a special contact number at the Office in order for them to be informed of the problems, it was supposed that the line (119) would be continuously on for 24 hours. Also, it was not made to be used in that area as it needs more than (20) employees. Fortunately, whoever faces a problem or needs to get through to their employees can dial (119) of Slemani. Then, they will be immediately informed of the calling and will be at hand.
WOLA representative meets with Kalar Office Manager.
3. Shelter House for women in Garmian
This Shelter has been set up for 4 years. It has a limited service as whoever comes to it should stay not more than 72 hours. In some special situations and according to the decision of the family violence investigation judge the stay period of certain cases will be extended provided that the Shelter Manager approves of it.
Those cases that come to the Shelter are mostly those who go to the offices of opposing family violence, Office (104) or other offices. No any case will be admitted without the decision of the judge of the investigation court. As the mentioned judge decides to transfer the case to the Shelter, an admission file will be made for her and kept there.
WOLA representative meets with Women Shelter House Manager in Garmian.
WOLA representative meets with the judge of the court for opposing family violence in Kalar
6. Garmian Family counsel center
“GFCC was established in 2017. Those people who have problems and visit it will get counsel and solution their problems. And even if their problems couldn’t be solved there, they would be followed up there after complaints are filed,” the GFCC Manager said. Also, she pointed that whoever wants a lawyer they will provide them with a pro bono lawyer via WOLA. Then she said that the GFCC comprises of some sections including:
v Management section: where management affairs of GFCC is run.
v Service section: It is comprised of legal, social and mental sections
o Legal section: where lawyers and legal counselling is provided.
o Social section: where there is mediation and the parties are called to present them counselling at their own requests.
o Mental section: It only deals with those cases that have mental problems as they identify and transfer them to Health Center with whom they are in contact and meet the cases in coordination.
v Awareness section: GFCC employees supervise this section. They are working on social awareness in all classes of citizens ranging from kindergarten to university students. She also said that they continuously spread the awareness through panels, seminars and training courses from the beginning of the academic year to the end of it, especially at the time of launching campaigns of opposing violence against women.
v Reconciliation committee section: currently it is comprised of (4) members including (2) lawyers, (1) social researcher and (1) mental researcher. They are going to become (8) members in the near future as it was decided by Directorate General of Opposing Family Violence to increase the members to (8), of which (7) members should be employees from Family counsel center as they will be more conformed with the specified time mostly on ( Mondays and Wednesdays). This decision is effective for expediting citizens’ issues in the Committee. Also, the employees and Committee members think that this Committee should deal with the cases before they file complaints and involve in the investigations. For it is the negative aspect of this law when the families are transferred to the Committee after they were broken up and separated. Finally, a Committee member said that the problems are increasing and they are mostly resulted from threats, beating, misuse of communication devices, accusations and marital infidelity.
WOLA representative meets with GFCC Manager.
7. Kfri Office for Opposing Family Violence
The ordinance for establishing this Office was issued in 2007. But it started investigating the cases and admitting them in 2007. Previously it just carried out follow up procedures.
KOOFV Manager stated that the subdistricts of Saida, Shakal, Khan, Sarqala, Kulajo, Koks and other subdistricts pertain to them. People come to them on daily bases at the time of having family problems and file complaints and they investigate them. Regarding the law opposing family violence, he said, “The level at which the law is being implemented is good but we recommend it to be amended as in fact it has many drawbacks. When a law is put in to practice, life, livelihood and tradition should be put in to consideration as tradition is the source of law. Therefore, the committee who makes the law should consider the views of some governors and professors. As one of the great faults of this law is that it referred to examples while in fact there should not be examples in law and there should be generic and plural expression. The law should not say that for example these are violence and confined while it should be the same as Iraqi punishment law as it does not refer to any examples. When there are examples in the law it becomes confined and does not go beyond the examples.”
Then KOOFV Manager talked about another notable fault of this law and said, “Although this law named the Law of Opposing Family Violence, in fact it is not the case. As the law rather refers to violence against women and never refers to violence against men. So, it is an unjust law as man and woman complete one another in the society.”
Concerning Family Reconciliation Committee in Kfri, KOOFV Manager said that FRC is comprised of (5) members including (2) pro bono lawyers, (1) mullah and (2) KOOFV employees who are researchers. And the FRC meeting time is not specified as the meetings are held according to the available cases, i.e. if a case files a complaint and the investigation judge refers them to FRC, FRC meeting will be held. And in the law, it was stipulated that an amount of ID 30,000 be spent for an FRC meeting but until now nothing was spent for them. Regarding training session, seminars and awareness dissemination, the Manager said, “We continuously hold them in kindergartens and schools, especially in November at the time of launching a campaign on violence against women.”
WOLA representative meets with KOOFV Manager.
Raparin Administration
1. Ranya Office
As we met with RO Manager, he said that there is only one Office throughout Raparin area other than that many other villages and subdistricts surrounding Ranya pertain to that Office.
WOLA representative meets with RO Manager.
WOLA representative meets with Crime and Movement Section Manager
Statistics and planning section: where the statistics of all cases that are admitted to them is collected and all information related to the complaints are registered.
Regarding the shortcomings that are in RO, RO Manager said,” We have many shortcomings with respect to staff. Also, we have few officers and employees. Moreover, we don’t have a budget other than the fact that we are financially supported by the organizations.
I asked the RO Manager whether the presence of one Office is sufficient to the family problems in the area. In response he said, “We are under a great pressure. So, there should be some other offices in the area. For example, an office for opposing family violence in each of Haji Awa and Chwarqurna is necessary. Also, there should be two offices in Ranya town so as to decrease the pressure on us and better implement our works here.” Then he referred to that the lack of investigation court for family violence creates another problem and makes them not to be able to solve the cases in a shortest period of time.
Regarding the reasons behind the family problems, the RO Manager said, “The low level of education among family individuals causes problems. As up to date patriarchal culture is prevalent in part of community families. Also, some people who do not believe in legal system do not solve their differences through law when they face violence.”
He also mentioned that there is many violence with regard to economy as most of the cases who come to them talk about that their husbands do not spend money on them. There are cases whose husbands expelled them do not spend money on them and their children. That is another reason behind the cases problems. With regard to marital infidelity and sexual assault, there are less cases. Sometimes there are outside intervention into the family’s life as in many times it creates problems for the family. Also, as the parties do not behave correctly towards one another and misunderstand one another, problems are going to be created.
WOLA representative meets with the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence
2. Shelter
RO Manager mentioned that when someone, being physically abused, comes to them, they directly transfer her to the nearest health center to be treated and so that they can have initial medical report. Then after they obtain a deposition from her, they will transfer her to a court. Afterwards, the court decides to put her in Raparin jailhouse as they do not have a shelter. So, they are obliged to put her in the jailhouse if none of her relatives received her. Often the case goes to her relative’s house on her responsibility. If there is no one to take care of her, they will transfer her to Slemani Shelter House. So, the RO Manager said, “This is the problem for us and the safety of the case. Therefore, it is high time a special shelter be set up for sheltering family violence victims in this administration. “
3. Hotline
Regarding a hotline, the Director of Directorate for Opposing Violence against Family and Women said,” When someone having a problem contacts number (119) they will be answered from Slemani. Then we will be informed about the case. Afterwards, we will help them as far as we can. And we will follow up the case and make efforts to solve it. Often, the case only asks for guidelines and we provide her with them.”
As for another question we directed to the Director whether they have female officer. In response he said, “Most of those who work at the sections are females. But we do not have female officers other than that we have female employees.”
4. Ranya Investigation Court
Concerning RIC, other than the investigation cases, all family cases are viewed in RIC. This is due to the lack of a court for opposing family violence in Ranya. So, this created a situation that they can not differentiate between the family cases and other cases as it was mentioned in the law opposing family violence.
The lack of a special court for family problems led to the fact that they take long times until they are settled. This is why it is necessary for forming a special court for the family problems as it was mentioned in the law.
Questionnaire
In this report we conducted a questionnaire in Kurdistan region regarding the law opposing family violence so as to know to what extent the citizens are aware of the law opposing family violence and to what extent they have information on the court for opposing family violence. Or if they faced a problem, did they come to the court? To what extent the Reconciliation Committee were cooperative to them and made efforts to solve their problems. Then they were asked about the kinds of violence which were committed against them. With these and other questions, we found out that very few citizens are familiar with the law opposing family violence or the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, we find that the relevant authorities should take serious action towards implementing the law opposing family violence through helping the citizens be aware of having such a law.
Questionnaire Results
Age of the participants |
14 - 50 |
Sex |
Both |
Participants’ place |
Kurdistan region |
Question 1: To what extent do you have information on the law opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
67 |
96 |
60 |
38% |
56% |
6% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out 38% of the participants do not have any information on the law opposing family violence, 56% of them to some extent are familiar with it and those who are completely aware of it were very few who are 6% of them. This is why this should be taken in to consideration as the law being issued for many years and applied in the court is known by few people. It is worth to be mentioned that those who participated in the questionnaire were people with problems and visited the courts. So, they should have been quite aware of it. At this point we will find out that if another questionnaire was conducted among people who did not visited the courts, it would be impossible for them to have a reasonable information on the law. This is why it is necessary for the relevant authorities and organization to work more on disseminating awareness.
Question 2: To what extent do you have information on the court for opposing family violence?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
94 |
108 |
18 |
42.72% |
49% |
8.18% |
From here we found out as the citizens do not have information on the law, so they do not have information on the court for opposing family violence. Therefore, working on citizens’ awareness of having such a court is very necessary.
Question 3: To what extent do you agree with the Reconciliation Committee members? Could they be cooperative, as required, to solve your problem?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
63 |
96 |
53 |
29.71% |
45.28% |
25% |
From here we found out that to some extent Reconciliation Committee could play this great role. As the rate is not very high it is for the RC members to play a better role in tackling the cases and bringing about family reconciliation. At the same time more attention should be given to such committee and required budgets should be allocated for them for expert fees and all required provisions. Also, they should be more open handed in their works so as to improve their role of reconciling the families.
Question 4: What kind of violence was committed against you?
Mental |
Physical |
Sex |
130 |
100 |
15 |
53% |
40.81% |
6.12% |
From this result we found out that most of the victims faced violence. In the families, mental violence was committed against the victims like insults, swear words. This is why complete attention should be given to the mental side of the victims. At the time of their visiting to the relevant authorities, efforts should be made to rebuild the mental side of the victims. And mental health hospital should be opened for them.
Question 5: To what extent did the judge and employees of the court for opposing family violence cooperate with you and facilitate your work?
No |
To some extent |
Much |
42 |
123 |
56 |
19% |
55.65% |
25.33% |
From here we found out the judges and members of the courts cooperated with the family cases, as required. This is commendable. But those people who do not have good opinion of the courts are not few. And the reason behind this attributed to the legal procedures, enormity of the cases and scarcity of judges and employees. As when a citizen files a complaint do not go to the court because the cases take very long time there until they are settled due to the enormity of cases and scarcity of judges and employees. Therefore, the citizens feel disturbed and discomfort towards the courts.
Question 6: Was the investigation with you made in secret?
No |
Yes |
122 |
99 |
55.72% |
40.72% |
Based on the law opposing family violence, investigations of the family cases should be confidential. But this result tells us that the confidentiality that is necessary in such cases exists with a small percentage. There are many reasons behind this among them is the lack of a special court for opposing family violence. Another reason is that the misdemeanor court views all lawsuits and the investigation court has many complaint files. On the other hand, as there is no a proper place for the investigation court, confusion is being made. Also, the lack of a proper place for investigating the family cases, as often it happens that the investigation is made in a small room with the presence of several investigators, leads the cases not to be entirely confidential. And all of these reasons are because of the negligence of relevant authorities.
Question 7: Who committed violence against you?
Husband (man) |
Wife (woman) |
Brother |
Father |
Mother |
Daughter |
Others up to grade four |
128 |
9 |
34 |
21 |
2 |
2 |
38 |
54.70% |
3.84% |
14.52% |
8.97% |
0.85% |
0.85% |
16.23% |
As the result of this questionnaire we found out most of those who commit violence are males and husbands against their wives. Therefore, males should be more made aware by opening varieties of awareness training sessions through which the violence rates could be decreased.
Question 8: How long does it take to have your case solved at court?
1 – 3 months |
3 – 6 months |
6 months – 1 year and more |
53 |
37 |
50 |
37.85% |
26.42% |
35.71% |
As the result we found out the problems that are in the courts take a long time until they are settled. Often as the cases took a long time and did not get settlement, the complainants gave up their complaints. This was often due to the scarcity of judges and employees of that court. This is why the relevant authority should make serious efforts to provide more judges and employees for the courts so that the complainants cannot lose their rights by postponing their cases and to be hopeless in filing their complaints.
Statistics
1. The total statistics of the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region.
Year of 2019 |
Year of 2018 |
Directorate |
4628 |
3351 |
Hawler |
2537 |
2586 |
Duhok |
3226 |
2000 |
Slemani |
999 |
1024 |
Garmian |
807 |
555 |
Raparin |
284 |
306 |
Soran |
2. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2018.
Sexual assault |
complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
22 |
2269 |
22 |
14 |
14 |
Hawler |
35 |
2486 |
30 |
21 |
14 |
Duhok |
45 |
1909 |
18 |
15 |
12 |
Slemani |
12 |
991 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
Garmian |
15 |
522 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
Raparin |
6 |
290 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
Soran |
145 |
9568 |
107 |
68 |
46 |
Total No. |
3. Kinds of statistics in the directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region in 2019.
Sexual assault |
Complaints |
Putting oneself on fire |
suicidal |
Killing |
Place |
54 |
4494 |
25 |
29 |
16 |
Hawler |
27 |
2449 |
27 |
17 |
7 |
Duhok |
49 |
3427 |
22 |
16 |
12 |
Slemani |
9 |
989 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Garmian |
15 |
579 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
Raparin |
1 |
269 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
Soran |
155 |
11907 |
102 |
69 |
41 |
Total No. |
4. The comparison of statistics of all directorates of opposing violence against families and women in Kurdistan region between 2018 and 2019.
Year |
Killing |
Suicidal |
Putting oneself on fire |
Complaints |
Sexual Assault |
2019 |
41 |
69 |
103 |
11907 |
155 |
2018 |
46 |
68 |
107 |
9568 |
145 |
Difference |
-5 |
+1 |
-4 |
+2339 |
+10 |
From these statistics we found out that the numbers notably increased in all directorates, especially those of the complaints. This tells us to work more on the law opposing family violence, make practical steps for implementing it and address the problems and difficulties in the way of its implementation.
Statistics of violence in Mnara Office in Hawler Governorate
With comparison of six months between 2018 and 2019
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
509 |
576 |
Statistics of family violence in Raparin Administration area:
First six months of 2019 |
First six months of 2018 |
236 |
337 |
Statistics of marriage and divorce in Raparin administration area:
|
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
Marriage |
1628 |
1486 |
Divorce |
248 |
216 |
Statistics of Reconciliation Committee in Raparin area:
First six months of 2018 |
First six months of 2019 |
144 |
154 |
Statistics of the courts of opposing family violence in Slemani governorate in the first six months of 2019
Incoming |
Closed |
Transferred |
1187 |
934 |
314 |
Statistics of WOLA cases in 2019
Recommendations
1. Increasing the number of investigation courts in all governorates in a way to keep the cases confidential and facilitate the procedures works.
2. Forming a misdemeanor court for family problems in all governorates.
3. Increasing the number of offices in all governorates so as to facilitate the cases’ works and help the victims due to enormity of the complaints.
4. Allocating required and appropriate buildings for the offices in a way that the places be proper and safe for the complainants and their employees and away from the neighborhoods and having sufficient securities for them.
5. Increasing the number of women at the high administration positions related to the law implementation.
6. Opening shelters for the family violence victims and separating them from other cases.
7. More attention should be given to the mental aspect of family violence victims when the complaints are processed. It is for the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Work and Social Affairs to take serious action to open mental hospitals for the victims.
8. The relevant authorities, especially the Ministry of Interior, should take serious action to disseminate awareness on the law.
9. Working on keeping the cases confidential in the courts and offices.
10. The Parliament should take serious action to amend the law opposing family violence in a way to address all the drawbacks that appeared during its implementation. This can be done through working with the organizations, judges and relevant authorities who are implementing it.
11. Providing the directorates and offices with all requirements of fuels, vehicles and police so that they can play better roles to implement the law.
12. Putting and specifying a generalized and uniformed mechanism for the courts, in terms of having types and specialties of the courts, in a way not to let any court to deal with the cases differently.
13. Appointing permanent and fixed members for Reconciliation Committees and allocating financial merits and administrative requirements for them so that they can play their important roles as a reconciliation committee to fulfill family reconciliation.
14. Working on enlarging and developing the shelters that are currently present so as to become a safe haven for the victims in a way that their safety and future are protected.
15. Appointing mandated or pro bono lawyers for the family violence victims at the stage of investigation.
16. Setting up awareness and professional training sessions for the officers and investigators of the directorates and offices as technology is progressing and electronic crimes are increasing.
17. Transferring Reconciliation Committees to the Offices so as to solve more problems and fulfill more family reconciliations
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 1 of 14
Legal Aspects of
The Law agnce
in KurdiNoor Omer
International
Studies and Law
May 2020
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 2 of 14
Content
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................3
Purpose of the Law ...............................................................................................................4
Forms of Violence in terms of Family Relationships..............................................................6
Protections from Family Violence..........................................................................................7
The Roles of Agencies in KRG..............................................................................................9
Procedural Lawsuits .............................................................................................................9
How Does the law of Domestic and Family Violence Impact Children……………………9
The relationship between the Iraqi Criminal Law and the Law against Domestic Violence 10
Legal Codes and Punishments ..........................................................................................11
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................12
References..........................................................................................................................13
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 3 of 14
Introduction
The implementation of the Law against Domestic Violence in Kurdistan has experienced a set
of complications. The Law of Combating Domestic Violence in Kurdistan Region – Iraq is referred to
as Law number (8) of 2011, passed by the Kurdistan Parliament. Legal and human rights activists still
debate as to whether this law will help decreasing domestic violence. More importantly, the legal
context of the Law of Combating Domestic Violence is perceived as nonconforming to the social
customs and norms by the Kurdish society. The incompatibility of the Law is a major force behind the
difficulties for implementing it in KRG. However, it is important to grasp the importance of the Law
in spite of the challenge(s) and incompetency set forth by the Kurdish society as Iraq still has no law
pertaining to Domestic Violence.
It is true that the Law might not have been perfectly designed to protect victims of domestic
and family violence. Nonetheless, the Law is indispensable and works as an incentive to breaking the
structure and institutionalization of norms associated with the tribal Kurdish society. Despite the
formation of the Law to combating gender-based violence, it has failed in protecting the victims. The
footages of case upon case recorded, confirm the fact that domestic violence is rather a plague in the
region, which needs immediate response from agencies involved with this issue. This essay is designed
to critically evaluate the legal aspects of the Law of Combating Domestic Violence in KRG in terms
of (1) its applicability; (2) the protections and (3) the punishments provided.
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 4 of 14
Purpose of the Law
Any act of gender-based violence is considered to be a major violation of women’s human
rights worldwide.1 In fact, victims of violence can be of any sex however, “domestic violence in most
cases is perpetrated by men against women.”2 In light of these facts, the major purpose of the Law
seems to focus on establishing strategies of prevention, protection and prosecution of gender-based
violence in the region. Such strategies in turn are aimed at realizing the full advancement of women
and providing legal protection against the regime of terror they might encounter within family.
Nevertheless, the Law has proven to be ineffective in countering violence against women in the
Kurdish public and private sphere for several reasons. The scale and the intensification of genderbased violence has not been reduced to a large degree, chiefly because of the delayed implementation
of the Law. Zeynep N. Kaya writes that it is hard to ascertain whether the laws and institutional rules
are genuine or instrumental at the policy level.3 Cases of domestic violence are registered on a regular
basis suggesting that the Law has no major impact on preventing domestic violence.4
The data below demonstrates statistics of violence in 2010 compared to statistics of violence
in May 2019. Prior to passing the Law number (8) of 2011, the number of domestic violence cases
recorded are 4075 for 2010 while after passing the law, 986 cases of domestic violence are recorded
only in May 2019. If the 986 cases were to multiply by 12 [the number of months in 2019], then there
would be at least more than 11000 cases. Hence, not even the passing of the Law has not made a
difference in eliminating all forms of gender-based violence. Rather, the statistical rise suggest that the
major purpose of the Law to implement preventive measures against gender-based violence has failed.
1 Sulaiman, Ghuson N. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN KURDISTAN REGION." PhD diss.,
University of Duhok, (2013), [p.2].
2 ibid.
3 Kaya, Zeynep N. "Gender and statehood in the Kurdistan region of Iraq." (2017).
4 Statistics of domestic violence in July, August and September in 2019. For more information see, Director
General of combating VAW. “Ministry of Interior of Combating Violence against Women.” (2019),
https://www.bgtakrg.org/en/
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 5 of 14
Table 1: Statistics of Violence in 2010
Data source: Human Rights Monitoring Project (2013)
Table 2: Statistics of Violence in May 2019
Data source: Director General of combating VAW (2019)
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 6 of 14
Forms of Violence in terms of Family Relationships
For the purpose of the Law number (8) of 2011, violence in the sphere of family relationships is
well defined in Article 1. First, family is defined as “a group of natural persons having marital or blood
relations up to the fourth degree and all the legally recognized family members.”5 Second, domestic
violence is defined as “any act, statement, threat or omission committed on the basis of gender by one
member of the family against another member up to the fourth degree that result in physical,
psychological, sexual or economic harm or deprivation of rights.”6 Article 2 of the Law gives 13
common, specific examples or acts that constitute domestic violence including:
“(1) Forced marriage; (2) Exchange marriage (marital exchange) and child marriage; (3)
Marriage to settle feuds; (4) forced divorce; (5) Cutting off social relation; (6) Forced prostitution; (7)
Female genital circumcision; (8) Forcing family member to leave employment; (9) Forcing children to
beg work and leave school; (10) Suicide as the result of domestic violence; (11) Abortion as the result
of domestic violence; (11) Physical punishment of family member and children under any excuses and
(13) Humiliating, insulting, belittling, intimidating, harming, psychological pressure, violation of rights
and forced sexual intercourse.”7
Evaluation
Although the Law identifies major crimes of gender-based violence, it still lacks some legal
aspects that should have been considered by the lawmakers. Professor Sulaiman categorizes violence
against women in Iraqi Kurdistan into three classifications including (1) structural violence
(economic); (2) cultural violence (tradition and society) and (3) direct violence.8 The Law does include
the last two classifications, cultural and direct violence. However, the millstone of restricting women
5 Al-Masalla. “Monitoring Report on the Implementation of Domestic Violence Law in Kurdistan Region.” Human
Rights Monitoring Project, (2013); Article 1 (2).
6 ibid; Article 1 (3).
7 ibid; Article 2 (1).
8 Supra, note (1), [p.2].
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 7 of 14
from full advancement in public and private sphere is missing, economic violence. Women’s economic
independence is considered a way out of domestic violence and it is widely recognized as “a
prerequisite for enabling women to exercise control over their lives and to make genuine choices.”9 In
fact, economic violence occurs when “a male abuser maintains control of the family finances, deciding
without regard to women how the money is to be spent or saved, thereby reducing women to complete
dependence for money to meet their personal needs.”10 Thus, the lack of identifying economic violence
in the Law is a weakness because even if women want to take action to combat violence, they feel tied
up because “man is the house owner and provider for the daily life.”11 Hence, to combat violence
against women, the law should have aimed at eliminating structural barriers and provided separate
article(s) to deal with economic violence in the region.
Protections from Family Violence
Under the law, victims of domestic violence have right to protection from domestic violence.12
First, the victims or their representative can file a complaint to report a case.13 Second, the victims
shall receive assistance form agents of health and education institutions.14 Third, the victims have the
right to be protected from open investigations and information of the cases shall remain confidential.15
Finally, shelter, social security net, healthcare and rehabilitation houses are provided for the victims
as well.16 The protections also extend to cases when the complaint willfully wishes to withdraw the
case through the Domestic Violence Court. For instance, the protection order includes three conditions.
First, the defendant has to pledge not to attack the plaintiff or any of her family members.17 Second,
9Gutiérrez, S. Laura. ”Women’s economic independence, a way out of violence: a toolkit for anti-violence centers
operators.” WE GO, (2017), [p.12].
10Fawole, Olufunmilayo I. "Economic violence to women and girls: is it receiving the necessary
attention?" Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 9, no. 3 (2008): 167-177.
11 Supra, note (1), [p.2].
12 Supra, note (5), [p. 5]; Article 2 (2) of the Law.
13 Article 2 (3) (a).
14 Article 2 (3) (b).
15 Article 2 (3) (c).
16 Article 3.
17 Article 3 (1).
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 8 of 14
the victim should have the right to healthcare if she wishes.18 Third, as per the Court’s orders, the
defendant is prohibited from visiting the family home.19 However, these protections do not fully
address nor meet the victims’ long-term needs thus the women cannot safely reintegrate into their
families or society.20
In some cases, the Law fails to extend to individuals whose cases relate to gender-based
violence such as honor killing, rape or runaway women. These women are detained under Article 240
of the Iraqi Penal Code and the Law does not exercise legal agency. For instance, in KRG, a twentyone years old woman was raped and became pregnant though the perpetrator was punished merely for
1-year detention.21 Besides, the woman was detained indefinitely under Article 240 to protect her from
being murdered by her family meanwhile she gave birth to the child in the detention center.22 Only
after the birth she was moved to a shelter. There are three things to observe in these type of cases.
First, even though she is the victim of sexual violence, the protections provided by the Law of number
(8) of 2011 are ineffective and it does not have legal agency to rule the case for reasons unknown.
Second, since her family attempted to kill her, it is clear that the Law cannot possibly “change the way
people think and perceive the woman’s role in society.”23 Finally, the male abuser was subject to 1-
year punishment, which suggests the fundamental flaws in the Law and its inability to deal with such
sensitive cases.
18 Article 3 (2).
19 Article 3 (3).
20 Supra, note (5), [p. 38].
21 ibid, [p.45].
22 ibid, [p.45].
23 ibid, [p.4].
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 9 of 14
The Role of Agencies in KRG
According to the Law, the major competent body monitoring the Law is the General Directorate
of Combating Violence against Women in the Ministry of Interior. The main task of this agency is to
follow up cases of domestic violence and assist victims in attaining justice. The Court of Domestic
Violence has the ultimate authority in deciding the cases admitted to it. Following, the Ministry of
Labor and Social Affairs shall provide shelter for victims of domestic violence in accordance with
Article 3 (2). In addition, the Ministry of Health stays in touch with the Ministry of Labor and Social
Affairs in order to provide health care and necessary rehabilitation for victims of domestic violence.24
More importantly, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs is entrusted with establishing specialized
unit within the police force, staffed primarily by policewomen, to act on cases of domestic violence.25
Accordingly, these entire specialized departments shall contribute to awareness raising in relation to
combating domestic violence.26
Procedural Lawsuits
The procedures of filing a lawsuit in these cases concerns Article 2 (3) (a) of the Law. The Article
stipulates the victims of domestic violence or their legal representatives can file complaints in the
Court or inform investigator, police station or the police prosecutor. This means that if the plaintiff is
a child, then their legal representative such as father, mother or any other legal guardian represents her
or him. Nonetheless, the Law addresses child abuse merely in Article 2 in cases concerning (1) child
marriage; (2) Forcing children to beg work and leave school and (3) Physical punishment of family member
and children under any excuses.27
24 Article 3 (4).
25 Article 3 (6).
26 Article 3 (7).
27 Article 2.
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 10 of 14
The Relationship between the Iraqi Criminal Law and the Law against
Domestic Violence in KRG
If anything, gender inequality and the pandemic of gender-based violence combine both the
Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969 and the Law against Domestic Violence in KRG though in a
completely different way. One similar aspect is that both Iraq and the KRG became a signatory to the
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1986. However, they
both acceded with reservations, “particularly in relation to its family law that regulates marriage,
divorce and inheritance.”28 Despite the fact that the Iraqi constitution expressly prohibits “all forms of
violence and abuse in family,”29 the Iraqi Penal Code does not explicitly address/mention domestic
violence by name. Only the KRG has developed laws on domestic violence. Besides, the Iraqi Criminal
Law merely criminalizes physical assault and further supports gender-based violence as Article 41(1)
gives “a husband a legal right to “punish” his wife within limits prescribed by law or custom.”30 In
addition, both laws resemble each other since they chiefly focus on reconciliation over protection and
justice for victims31 though the Iraqi law rather prioritizes reconciliation.
28 Supra, note (3), [p. 6].
29 Human Rights Watch. “Iraq: Urgent Need for Domestic Violence Law.” hrw.org, (2020).
30 ibid.
31 ibid.
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 11 of 14
Legal Codes and Punishments
The legal punishments prescribed by the Law chiefly constitute violent acts within (1) Protection
orders; (2) female genital circumcision and (3) domestic violence overall. First, in case of violence
against protection order, Article 4 (4) stipulates that “the violator shall be arrested for a period no
longer than (48) hours or a minimum fine of (300,000) three hundred thousand Iraqi Dinars.”32 Second,
regarding female genital circumcision, those who promote it shall be punished with “a fine ranging
from minimum (1,000,000) one million IQDs and maximum (5,000,000) five million IQDs.”33 Further,
those who administer or/and participate in the process shall be punished with “a fine ranging from
minimum (1,000,000) one million IQDs and maximum (5,000,000) five million IQDs.”34
Moreover, same punishment goes for anyone who administer and/or participate underage
female genital circumcision with a slightly heavier fine. It is equally important to mention that if the
perpetrator was a doctor, pharmacist, chemist or midwife or their assistants, the punishment is severer
and the Court will order the professional disqualification for maximum three years.35 Third, Article 7
covers a wider range of domestic violence as anyone who engages in it will be punished with “(1) a
prison term ranging from minimum six months and maximum three years and/or (2) a fine ranging
from minimum one million IQDs and maximum five million IQDs.”36 These sets of laws are without
prejudice to any heavier penalty provided for in the laws of KRG.
32 Supra, note (5).
33 ibid; Article 6 (1).
34 Article 6 (2).
35 Article 6 (4).
36 Article 7.
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 12 of 14
Conclusion
The Law against domestic violence is still an unfinished agenda in the region in which certain major
amendments are required to broaden the legal aspects of the Law. It is true that at policy level the KRG
has developed towards gender equality and the elimination of gender-based violence. However, the
Law has fundamental weaknesses such as the exclusion of economic violence, which could factor in
bettering women’s condition and quality of life in the region. Furthermore, the protections provided
by the Law do not serve victims of domestic violence because the lawmakers gave special attention to
reconciliation rather than highlighting social justice for the victims.
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 13 of 14
References
The Parliament of Kurdistan-Iraq. “The Act of Combating Domestic Violence in Kurdistan RegionIraq: Act No.8 from 2011.” (2011),
http://www.ekrg.org/files/pdf/combat_domestic_violence_english.pdf (in English)
https://www.parliament.krd/media/2316/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%89-
%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-8-%D9%89-
%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%B5%D9%89-2011-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%89-
%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%87-
%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-
%D9%88%D9%87-%D9%89-%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%87-
%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%89-
%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%87-%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85%D9%89-
%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%80-
%D8%B9%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.pdf (in Kurdish)
Sulaiman, Ghuson N. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN KURDISTAN REGION." PhD
diss., University of Duhok, (2013)
http://kugoo.uod.ac/etheses/f_o_h/book2/Domestic%20violence%20against%20women%20in%20k
urdistan%20region.pdf
Kaya, Zeynep N. "Gender and statehood in the Kurdistan region of Iraq." (2017).
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/69197/1/GenderandStatehoodKRG.pdf
Statistics of domestic violence in July, August and September in 2019. For more information see,
Director General of combating VAW. “Ministry of Interior of Combating Violence against Women.”
(2019), https://www.bgtakrg.org/en/
Al-Masalla. “Monitoring Report on the Implementation of Domestic Violence Law in Kurdistan
Region.” Human Rights Monitoring Project, (2013
https://ar.iraqicivilsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Law-8-English-Final.pdf
Gutiérrez, S. Laura. ”Women’s economic independence, a way out of violence: a toolkit for antiviolence centers operators.” WE GO, (2017),
http://www.fundacionmujeres.es/img/Document/139720/documento.pdf
Fawole, Olufunmilayo I. "Economic violence to women and girls: is it receiving the necessary
attention?" Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 9, no. 3 (2008): 167-177
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5354240_Economic_Violence_To_Women_and_Girls
Human Rights Watch. “Iraq: Urgent Need for Domestic Violence Law.” hrw.org, (2020).
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/22/iraq-urgent-need-domestic-violence-law
Domestic Violence in KRG May 2020 Page 14 of 14
Gender-based Violence in KRG:
Legal Aspect of the Law against Domestic
Violence in Kurdistan
Author
Noor Kamaran Omer
Supervised
Ali Ahmed
پارێزەری ڕێکخراو (شاز نورالدين محیەدین) لەکۆبونەوەی مانگانەی (GBV working group meeting) لە UNHCRلە سلێمانی بابەتێکی پێشەکەش کرد لەسەر رێکخراوی ICOCA بۆ ئەو ڕێکخراوانەی کە بەشدار بون لە کۆبونەوەکەدا؛ ئەمەش وەک کارێکی تەواو کاری لەئەنجامی ئەو ۆرک شۆپەی کە پارێزەری ڕێکخراو لەلایەن (جمعية الامل العراقية و منظمة تموز للتنمية الاجتماعية و ICOCA) وەریگرتبوو ئەو ڕێکخراوانەی کە بەژداریان کردبوو زانیاریان لەسەر ICOCA نەبوو وە بابەتەکەیان بەلاوە گرنگ بوو ئەمەش وەک هەنگاوێکی تەواوکاری بۆ ئوە بابەتانەی کە ستافی رێکخراو وەری ئەگرن
به‌شداریكردنی به‌شیك له‌ ستافی ریكخراو له‌ گفتوگۆیەکی تایبەت بە یاسای (روو بەڕوو بوونەوەی ئەشکەنجەدان)ی ساڵی 2019ی عێراق... بەئامادەبوونی ژمارەیەک یاساناس و چالاکوانی مەدەنی....
كه‌ له‌لایه‌ن نوسینگەی سلێمانی ئەنجومەنی نوێنەرانی عێراق، بەهاوکاری رێکخراوی کوردستان بۆ هەموان ریكخرابوو...
كه‌ بەشداربووان چەند راوسەرنجێکی بەجێیان بۆ دەوڵەمەندکردن و باشترکردنی یاساکە خستەڕوو...
لە دریژەی کارو چالاکیەکانی رێکخراو لەگەڵ کۆلێژی کارو باری کۆمەڵایەتی / زانکۆی سلێمانی،
بۆ ساڵی سێیەم رێکخراو پێشوازی کرد لە ژمارەیەک خوێنندکار و لە دەستپێکدا لەلایەن بەرێوەبەری کارگێری رێکخراو ( ڤانا علی) پێشوازی کران و ئاشناکران بە کارو چالاکی و ئامانجەکانی رێکخراو.
رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی زنان خولێکی راهێنانی ئەنجامدا بۆ ئەندامان و چاودێرەکانی ريكخراو لەسەرجەم پارێزگاکان و ئیدارەی گەرمیان و راپەرین، کە تایبەت بوو بە شێوازی نووسینی راپۆرت ،
خولەکە لەلایەن بەرێز (بەختیار عبدالله) راوێژکاری رێکخراوی NED و مامۆستای زانکۆ وترایەوە ، کە تیایدا جۆرەکانی راپۆرت و چۆنیەتی ئامادەکردنی راپۆرتی کاریگەر روونکرایەوە،
بەو ئامانجەی بتوانین کە راپۆرتی دەوڵەمەنترو کاریگەرتر ئامادەبکەین بەشێوەیەکی گشتی و بەتایبەت لەسەر چاودێری جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی.
بەناوی رێکخراوەوە سوپاس و پێزانیمان بۆ بەرێز (بەختیار عبدالله) بۆ کات و زانیارییە گرنگەکانیان.
رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی زنان خولێکی راهێنانی ئەنجامدا بۆ ئەندامان و چاودێرەکانی ريكخراو لەسەرجەم پارێزگاکان و ئیدارەی گەرمیان و راپەرین، کە تایبەت بوو بە شێوازی نووسینی راپۆرت ،
خولەکە لەلایەن بەرێز (بەختیار عبدالله) راوێژکاری رێکخراوی NED و مامۆستای زانکۆ وترایەوە ، کە تیایدا جۆرەکانی راپۆرت و چۆنیەتی ئامادەکردنی راپۆرتی کاریگەر روونکرایەوە،
بەو ئامانجەی بتوانین کە راپۆرتی دەوڵەمەنترو کاریگەرتر ئامادەبکەین بەشێوەیەکی گشتی و بەتایبەت لەسەر چاودێری جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی.
بەناوی رێکخراوەوە سوپاس و پێزانیمان بۆ بەرێز (بەختیار عبدالله) بۆ کات و زانیارییە گرنگەکانیان.
On November 7, 2019, a focus group discussion was held in Halabja province for sixteen girls and women activists and journalists about how to deal with social media violence against females, this activity is a part of the awareness campaign for decreasing violence against women in social media, this campaign is implemented by NWE and WOLA organizations with the support of Internews Organization in Sulaimany, Halabja, and Kalar
Coalition for Just Reparations is officially launched on November 6 in Erbil!
ASUDA, Better World Organization, Bishkoreen, Civil Development Organization , Emma Organization for Human Development, Ghasin Al-Zaiton organization for Youth, Hammurabi Organization for Human Rights, Harikar NGO , Iraqi Institution for Development, Jinda organization, Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights, Justice Organization for Minority Rights, Lotus flower, Methra Organization for Yarsani Culture and Development, National Center for Human Rights, Nisha Organization منظمة نيشا لتمكين الشباب , Peace and Freedom Organization, Shlomo Organization for Documentation, Tajdid Iraq Foundation for Economic Development, To Reconcile Organization, Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Women Leadership Institute, Women Legal Assistance Organization - WOLA , Yazda, Yezidi Organization for Documentation joined forces and formed the Coalition for Just Reparations (C4JR)
C4JR is an alliance of civil society organizations representing Iraq ́s linguistic, ethnic and religious diversity founded to advocate for comprehensive reparations for all victims of gross human rights violations perpetrated during the ISIS conflict in Iraq.
Besides introducing C4JR and outlining civil society efforts to advance reparations in different post-conflict settings, this event provided a forum for survivors to communicate what reparative measures they consider necessary to relevant
Coalition for Just Reparations is officially launched on November 6 in Erbil!
ASUDA, Better World Organization, Bishkoreen, Civil Development Organization , Emma Organization for Human Development, Ghasin Al-Zaiton organization for Youth, Hammurabi Organization for Human Rights, Harikar NGO , Iraqi Institution for Development, Jinda organization, Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights, Justice Organization for Minority Rights, Lotus flower, Methra Organization for Yarsani Culture and Development, National Center for Human Rights, Nisha Organization منظمة نيشا لتمكين الشباب , Peace and Freedom Organization, Shlomo Organization for Documentation, Tajdid Iraq Foundation for Economic Development, To Reconcile Organization, Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Women Leadership Institute, Women Legal Assistance Organization - WOLA , Yazda, Yezidi Organization for Documentation joined forces and formed the Coalition for Just Reparations (C4JR)
C4JR is an alliance of civil society organizations representing Iraq ́s linguistic, ethnic and religious diversity founded to advocate for comprehensive reparations for all victims of gross human rights violations perpetrated during the ISIS conflict in Iraq.
Besides introducing C4JR and outlining civil society efforts to advance reparations in different post-conflict settings, this event provided a forum for survivors to communicate what reparative measures they consider necessary to relevant
Coalition for Just Reparations is officially launched on November 6 in Erbil!
ASUDA, Better World Organization, Bishkoreen, Civil Development Organization , Emma Organization for Human Development, Ghasin Al-Zaiton organization for Youth, Hammurabi Organization for Human Rights, Harikar NGO , Iraqi Institution for Development, Jinda organization, Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights, Justice Organization for Minority Rights, Lotus flower, Methra Organization for Yarsani Culture and Development, National Center for Human Rights, Nisha Organization منظمة نيشا لتمكين الشباب , Peace and Freedom Organization, Shlomo Organization for Documentation, Tajdid Iraq Foundation for Economic Development, To Reconcile Organization, Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Women Leadership Institute, Women Legal Assistance Organization - WOLA , Yazda, Yezidi Organization for Documentation joined forces and formed the Coalition for Just Reparations (C4JR)
C4JR is an alliance of civil society organizations representing Iraq ́s linguistic, ethnic and religious diversity founded to advocate for comprehensive reparations for all victims of gross human rights violations perpetrated during the ISIS conflict in Iraq.
Besides introducing C4JR and outlining civil society efforts to advance reparations in different post-conflict settings, this event provided a forum for survivors to communicate what reparative measures they consider necessary to relevant stakeholders in
Coalition for Just Reparations is officially launched on November 6 in Erbil!
ASUDA, Better World Organization, Bishkoreen, Civil Development Organization , Emma Organization for Human Development, Ghasin Al-Zaiton organization for Youth, Hammurabi Organization for Human Rights, Harikar NGO , Iraqi Institution for Development, Jinda organization, Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights, Justice Organization for Minority Rights, Lotus flower, Methra Organization for Yarsani Culture and Development, National Center for Human Rights, Nisha Organization منظمة نيشا لتمكين الشباب , Peace and Freedom Organization, Shlomo Organization for Documentation, Tajdid Iraq Foundation for Economic Development, To Reconcile Organization, Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Women Leadership Institute, Women Legal Assistance Organization - WOLA , Yazda, Yezidi Organization for Documentation joined forces and formed the Coalition for Just Reparations (C4JR)
C4JR is an alliance of civil society organizations representing Iraq ́s linguistic, ethnic and religious diversity founded to advocate for comprehensive reparations for all victims of gross human rights violations perpetrated during the ISIS conflict in Iraq.
Besides introducing C4JR and outlining civil society efforts to advance reparations in different post-conflict settings, this event provided a forum for survivors to communicate what reparative measures they consider necessary to relevant stakeholders in
ریكخراوی هاریكاری یاسایی ژنان به‌ هاوبه‌شی له‌گه‌ل ریكخراوی نوی،له‌ چوارچیوه‌ی پرۆژه‌یه‌كی نویدا به‌ناونیشانی "كەمپینی هۆشیاری بۆ كەمكردنەوەی توندوتیژی بەرامبەر بە ژنان لە تۆڕەكۆمەڵایەتیەكاندا" كه‌له‌لایه‌ن ریكخراوی ئەنتەرنیوز هاوكاری دارایی ده‌كریت هه‌ستان به‌ ئەنجامدانی فۆكەس گروپێك لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە بۆ شانزە كچ وژنی ڕۆژنامەنوس و چالاكوانی مەدەنی سەبارەت بە چۆنیەتی خۆپاراستن لەو توندوتیژیانەی كە ڕوبەڕوی ڕەگەزی مێ‌ دەبێتەوە لە ڕێگەی تۆڕەكۆمەڵایەتیەكانەوە
On November 7, 2019, a focus group discussion was held in Halabja province for sixteen girls and women activists and journalists about how to deal with social media violence against females, this activity is a part of the awareness campaign for decreasing violence against women in social media, this campaign is implemented by NWE and WOLA organizations with the support of Internews Organization in Sulaimany, Halabja, and Kalar.
women legal assistance organization conducted a regional workshop with the help of the American University in Sulaymaniyah and Ned American Association, regardless of how to apply the law Domestic Violence in Gender Centers in Kurdistan Universities
the director and the lawyer of Wola organization visited the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in order to submit a proposal about (the l domestic violence law) to make it an official subject in law universities, including the suggestions and recommendations that were organized by the organization in 2018 and 2019 in the Kurdistan Region.
They also visited Mr. Dham Omar, General Secretary of the Ministry's Office, and Mrs. Amal Ali, Legal adviser at the Ministry .They stressed that they are working hard on this proposal and the recommendations we have made and will submit it to the Supreme Committee so that it becomes an official and major subject in the five-year system of teaching the law.
We would also like to thank Mrs. Amal Ali who is always helping us as a member of the Ministry.
the director and the lawyer of Wola organization visited the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in order to submit a proposal about (the l domestic violence law) to make it an official subject in law universities, including the suggestions and recommendations that were organized by the organization in 2018 and 2019 in the Kurdistan Region.
They also visited Mr. Dham Omar, General Secretary of the Ministry's Office, and Mrs. Amal Ali, Legal adviser at the Ministry .They stressed that they are working hard on this proposal and the recommendations we have made and will submit it to the Supreme Committee so that it becomes an official and major subject in the five-year system of teaching the law.
We would also like to thank Mrs. Amal Ali who is always helping us as a member of the Ministry.
🔶 هه‌ریه‌ك له‌ به‌ریوه‌به‌ر و پاریزه‌ری ریكخراو سه‌ردانی وه‌زاره‌تی خویندنی بالاو تویژینه‌وه‌ی زانستی هه‌ریمی كوردستان،یان كرد به‌مه‌به‌ستی گه‌یاندنی پرۆپۆزه‌لیكی تایبه‌ت به‌(به‌بابه‌تكردنی یاسای به‌ره‌نگاربوونه‌وه‌ی توندووتیژی خیزانی له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسادا ) كه‌ تیایدا راسپارده‌و پیشنیاری هه‌ر 3 وۆرك شۆپی له‌ خۆگرتبوو كه‌ ریكخراو له‌ سالانی 2018 و 2019 له‌ هه‌ریمی كوردستان له‌و پیناوه‌ندا ئه‌نجامی دابوو .
🔷له‌ نزیكه‌وه‌ چاویان كه‌وت به‌ به‌ریز (دهام سمكو ) ئه‌مینداری گشتی دیوانی وه‌زاره‌ت و (ئه‌مه‌ل علی) راویژكاری یاسایی ،لای خۆیانه‌وه‌ به‌لینیاندا به‌وه‌ی كه‌وا كاری جدی ده‌كه‌ن له‌سه‌ر پرۆپۆزه‌ل و راسپارده‌كان به‌وجۆره‌ی كه‌ جیی خۆی بگریت و گه‌یاندنی به‌ لیژنه‌ی بالای دانانی پرۆگرام و پلانی سیسته‌می پینج ساله‌ی خویندنی یاسا.
🔷به‌ناوی ریكخراوه‌وه‌ سوپاسی تایبه‌تمان بۆ به‌ریز (ئه‌مه‌ل علی)كه‌ به‌رده‌وام وه‌كو نوینه‌ری وه‌زاره‌ت هاوكارو پشتیوانمان بوون
in this context، WOLA organization visited the concerned parties in this project and participated in its activities in order to present the recommendations and the estimation recommendation
رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان کۆتایی هێنا بە چالاکیەکانی لە پارێزگای سليَماني لە چوارچێوەی پرۆژەی (التکامل) ، کە بە پاڵپشتی ئاژانسی امریکی بۆ پەرەپێدانی نێودەوڵەتی (USAID) ئەنجامیدا، چالاکییەکان پێکهاتبوون لە:
1-ئەنجامدانی دووکۆربەندی ژنان لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە و ناحیەی سیروان.
2-ئەنجامدانی دووکۆبوونەوەی راوێژکاری جەماوەری .
بە ئامانجی دەست نیشانکردنی کێشەو گرفتەکانی ژنان و هاوڵاتیان لەو ناوچانە لە رووی پرۆژە خزمەتگوزارییەکان و دیزاینکردنی لە چوارچێوەی بودجەی گشتی.
لە کۆتایدا بەرێوەبەر و ستافی رێکخراو سەردانی لایەنەپیەوەنیدارەکانیان کرد له‌وانه‌ش (ئه‌نجوومه‌نی بالای كاروباری خانمان و ئه‌نجوومه‌نی پاریزگای سلیمانی) بەمەبەستی پێگەیاندنی کێشەوگرفتەکانی هاوڵاتیان و هەروەها پێشکەشکردنی راسپاردەو پێشنیار بۆ چارەسەرکردنیان کە سەرجەمیان لە رێگەی کۆربەندوو کۆبوونەوەکانەوە بەدەست هاتبوون،بەو ئومێدەی کاریان لەسەر بکرێت بەمەبەستی کەمکردنەوەی کێشە خزمەتگوزارییەکانی ژنان و هاوڵاتیان،
هەروها پێشکەشەکردنی سوپاسنامە بەسەرجەم ئەو کەسایەتی و لایەنانەی کە بەشداربوون لە پانێڵەکانماندا،
لەکۆتایدا بەناوی بەرێوەبەر و ستافی رێکخراو ،سوپاس و پێزانینمان بۆ سەرجەم ئەو لایەن و کەسایەتیانە کە هاوکار و یارمەتیدەرمان بوون، هه‌روه‌ها کە بەشداری چالاکیەکانمان بوون
19/6/2019 لە تەلاری سەعد عەبدولڵا لە هەولێر، چوارەمین کۆنفرانسی تایبەت بە ڕۆژی جیهانی نەهێشتنی توندوتیژی سێکسی لە کاتی ململانییەکاندا لە ژێر دروشمی نێودەوڵەتی "گرنگی ئاراستەکانی بایەخدان بە رزگاربووان" و دروشمی نیشتمانی "کچان و ژنانی رفێنراو و ڕزگاربوو لە پێشنیەی ئەرکەکانماندایە، دەستدرێژی سێکسی لە کاتی جەنگدا راگرن" #EndRapeInWar سەرکەوتووانە بەڕێوەچوو. کۆنفرانسەکە لەلایەن بەرێز ئەمەل جلال بەڕێوەچوو، سەرەتا خاتوو پەخشان زەنگنە / ئەمینداری گشتی ئەنجومەنی باڵای کاروباری خانمان وتەی دەستپێک و بەخێرهاتنی پێشەکەش کرد پاشان همیار عه‌بدولموغنی، وتەی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکانی پێشکەشکرد. پانێڵی یەکەم کە لەلایەن بەرێز کۆسار کریم بەڕێوەچوو: تایبەت بوو بەو کارو چالاکییانەی سەبارەت بە نەهێشتنی توندوتیژی سێکسی لە کاتی ململانیەکاندا، ئەنجامدراون بە بەشداری بەڕێزان: - کوردۆ عومەر ، بەرێوەبەری گشتی بەرەنگاربونەوەی توندوتیژی دژی ئافرەتان و خێزان : (رۆلی سۆشیال میدیاو تەکنەلۆجیا و کاریگەری لە سەر زیادبونی توندوتیژی سیکسی لە کاتی ململانێدا) - تاڤگە عومەر ، بەرێوەبەری گشتی لە دەستەی سەربەخۆی مافی مرۆڤ : (توندوتیژی سێکسی لە کاتی ناکۆکی و جەنگ، تاوانێکی دژ بە مرۆڤایەتی) - بەهار عەلی ، بەرێوەبەری ڕێکخراوی ئێمە : (منداڵانی لە دایک بووی ئاکامی شەڕو دایکایەتی بە زۆر) - ئیڤانا چاپکاکۆڤا ، رێکخراوی یونسێف (رۆلی رێکخراوە نێودەوڵەتییەکان) پاشان پانێڵی دووەم کە لەلایەن بەرێز دادوەر بەدرەدین بەرزنجی بەڕێوەچوو بە بەشداری ئەم بەڕێزانە بوو: - حوسام عەبدولڵا عەلی ، بەرێوەبەری جێبەجیکار لە رێکخراوە ئێزیدی بۆ دیکۆمێنتاری : (بڕیاری ئەنجومەنی ئاسایش (2467 ) تایبەت بە توندوتیژی سیکسی کچان و ژنانی ئێزیدی بە نمونە) - شۆخان ئەحمەد، بەرێوەبەری رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی : (توندوتیژی سێکسی لە نێوان یاسا کارپێکراوەکانی هەرێم و جێیەجێکردنی) - لیڤیا داس نیڤێس، ئاژانسی UNHCR - لەیلا تەعلۆ ، رزگاربوی دەستی تیرۆرستانی داعش : ( کچان و ژنانی ڕزگاربوو لە نێوان کیشەو چارەسەر) لە کۆتاییدا گفتوگۆی کراوە و پاشان راسپاردە و پێشنیازەکان خرانەڕوو.
View Our report on the follow-up to the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act of 2019 was presented at the press conference with the help of the (NED) American INGO
View Our report on the follow-up to the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act of 2019 was presented at the press conference with the help of the (NED) American INGO
بەشداریکردنی پارێزەرانی رێکخراو لە ۆرک شۆپێکی 4 رۆژە کە تایبەت بوو بە (بنیادنانی تواناکان) تایبەت بۆ رێکخراوەکانی کۆمەڵگای مەدەنی،لە لایەن (UN WOMEN)، بە ئامانجی پاراستنی مافەکانی ژنان و رووبەرووبوونەوەی توندووتیژی و بە دیهینانی دادپەروەری بۆ ژنانی قوربانی دەستی توندووتیژی.
The USAID-Funded IGPA project in cooperation with the Women’s Legal Assistance Organization, holdsaWomen’s Forum on “women’s needs and problems and incorporating them in governmental service projects by providing a special budget” June 15,2019
The USAID-Funded IGPA project in cooperation with the Women’s Legal Assistance Organization, holdsaWomen’s Forum on “women’s needs and problems and incorporating them in governmental service projects by providing a special budget” June 15,2019
The USAID-Funded IGPA project in cooperation with the Women’s Legal Assistance Organization, holdsa Women’s Forum on “women’s needs and problems and incorporating them in governmental service projects by providing a special budget” June 11,2019
The USAID-Funded IGPA project in cooperation with the Women’s Legal Assistance Organization, holdsa Women’s Forum on “women’s needs and problems and incorporating them in governmental service projects by providing a special budget” June 11,2019
رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە بەرواری 11/6/2019،هەستا بە ئەنجامدانی (کۆڕبەندێکی ژنان ) لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە دەربارەی (بەشداریکردنی ژنان لە دیاریکردنی کێشەکانی ژنان و وپێداویستیەکانیان لە پرۆژە خزمەتگوزارییەکانی حکومەت و دیزاین کردنی لە بودجەی گشتی).
ئامانج لە کۆربەندەکە بەشداریکردنی ژنان بوو لە پارێزگاکە لە دیاریکردنی ئەو کێشە خزمەتگوزاری و ئیدارییانەی کە رووبەرووی ژنان دەبێتەوە بەتایبەت لە رووی (ئاو و ئاوەرۆ و کارەبا ......). بە ئامادەبوونی کەناڵەکانی راگەیاندن و رێکخراوەکان و ژنانی پارێزگاکە و چەند بەرێزێک وەکو لایەنی پەیوەنیدار بە بابەتەکەوە ئەوانیش:
کوێستان اکرم فرج/ (سەرۆکی شارەوانی هەڵەبجە)
امل جلال/ (ئەجوومەنی باڵای کاروباری خانمان)
رنگین سلام محمود/(چالاکوانی مدنی)
م.ایراد منوچر/ ( چالاکوانی مدنی و سەرپەرشتیاری پەروەردەیی)
د.هەتاو حمەێالح/ (بەشی جێندەر، زانکۆی هەڵەبجە).
لە کۆتایی کۆربەندەکەدا لەلایەن بەشداربووانەوە پێشنیار و راسپاردەی پێویست خرانەروو،بۆ چارەسەرکردن و بەرەو پێشچوونی کێشەکان لە پارێزگاکە و گەیاندنی بەلایەنی پەیوەندیدار.
ئەمەش یەکێکیکە لەو چالاکیانەی کە رێکخراو بە پاڵپشتی ئاژانسی ئەمریکی بۆ پەرەپێدانی نێودەوڵەتی (USAID) لە چوارچێوەی پرۆژەی (التکامل) جێبەجێی دەکات.
رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە بەرواری 11/6/2019،هەستا بە ئەنجامدانی (کۆڕبەندێکی ژنان ) لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە دەربارەی (بەشداریکردنی ژنان لە دیاریکردنی کێشەکانی ژنان و وپێداویستیەکانیان لە پرۆژە خزمەتگوزارییەکانی حکومەت و دیزاین کردنی لە بودجەی گشتی).
ئامانج لە کۆربەندەکە بەشداریکردنی ژنان بوو لە پارێزگاکە لە دیاریکردنی ئەو کێشە خزمەتگوزاری و ئیدارییانەی کە رووبەرووی ژنان دەبێتەوە بەتایبەت لە رووی (ئاو و ئاوەرۆ و کارەبا ......). بە ئامادەبوونی کەناڵەکانی راگەیاندن و رێکخراوەکان و ژنانی پارێزگاکە و چەند بەرێزێک وەکو لایەنی پەیوەنیدار بە بابەتەکەوە ئەوانیش:
کوێستان اکرم فرج/ (سەرۆکی شارەوانی هەڵەبجە)
امل جلال/ (ئەجوومەنی باڵای کاروباری خانمان)
رنگین سلام محمود/(چالاکوانی مدنی)
م.ایراد منوچر/ ( چالاکوانی مدنی و سەرپەرشتیاری پەروەردەیی)
د.هەتاو حمەێالح/ (بەشی جێندەر، زانکۆی هەڵەبجە).
لە کۆتایی کۆربەندەکەدا لەلایەن بەشداربووانەوە پێشنیار و راسپاردەی پێویست خرانەروو،بۆ چارەسەرکردن و بەرەو پێشچوونی کێشەکان لە پارێزگاکە و گەیاندنی بەلایەنی پەیوەندیدار.
ئەمەش یەکێکیکە لەو چالاکیانەی کە رێکخراو بە پاڵپشتی ئاژانسی ئەمریکی بۆ پەرەپێدانی نێودەوڵەتی (USAID) لە چوارچێوەی پرۆژەی (التکامل) جێبەجێی دەکات.
لە درێژەی کاروچالاکیە هاوبەشەکانی رێکخراو و بەشی کاری کۆمەڵایەتی / زانکۆی سلێمانی،توێژەری دەروونی رێکخراو سیمناریکی پێشکەش بە خوێندکاران کرد لەسەر (فشارو سوتانی دەروونی و خۆکوشتن و گەشەی خود) بە مەبەستی راهێنانی خوێندکاران لە چۆنیەتی مامەڵەکردن لەگەڵ حاڵەتەکان و تێگەشتن لە بارودۆخی حاڵەتەکان و چۆنیەتی ئارامکردنەوەیان.
women legal assistance(WOLA),WADI and CDO together with other NGO's delivered more than 6000 signatures collected under a petition to the Iraqi-Kurdish parliament demanding a serious implementation of Law Nr. 8 from 2011. This law bans all form of domestic violence as well as FGM and promises safe shelter for abuse victims. (https://wadi-online.org/…/petition-womens-rights-in-iraqi-…/)
Unfortunately it wasn't seriously implemented until now. Therefore this campaign started and had it's first highlight on International Women's Day.
Shokh Mohammed from Wadi gave a press statement in front of the parliament building and presented the aim of this campaign:
women legal assistance(WOLA),WADI and CDO together with other NGO's delivered more than 6000 signatures collected under a petition to the Iraqi-Kurdish parliament demanding a serious implementation of Law Nr. 8 from 2011. This law bans all form of domestic violence as well as FGM and promises safe shelter for abuse victims. (https://wadi-online.org/…/petition-womens-rights-in-iraqi-…/)
Unfortunately it wasn't seriously implemented until now. Therefore this campaign started and had it's first highlight on International Women's Day.
Shokh Mohammed from Wadi gave a press statement in front of the parliament building and presented the aim of this campaign:
رێکخراوی wola بەهاوبەشی لەگەڵ رێکخراوەکانی ژنان و بە ئامادەبوونی سەرۆکی شارەوانی و بەرێوەبەری دەستەی سەربەخۆی مافەکانی مرۆڤ لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە بە بۆنەی 8 مارس ،ەوە چەند چالاکیەکیان ئەنجامدا لەوانەش ئەنجامدانی پێشانگایەکی وێنەکیشان کە گوزراشت بوون لە گرنگی رۆڵی ژنان لە ئاوەدانی و ئاشتی و ئاشتەوایی کۆمەڵایەتی و بەرزکردنەوەی چەند دروشمێک و دەربرینی نارەزایی و داواکردنی باشکردنی مافەکانی ژنان بە شێوەیەکی گشتی و لە کۆتاییدا بەیاننامەی هاوبەشی رێکخراوەکان و ژنانی چالاکی پارێزگاکە بۆ کەناڵەکانی راگەیاند خوێندرایەوە.
wola organization in the presence of the Advisor to the President of the Iraqi Public and Civil Society Organizations in Halabja, held a meeting to identify the problems of women in Halabja and prepare a work plan for joint work in the future
Our staff in Halabja visited Directorate of Combating violence against women in Halabja to congratulate them on opening the Directorate in Halabja for the first time. They focused on continue working together in the future and plan to better implement of combating domestic violence law.
Our staff in Halabja visited Directorate of Combating violence against women in Halabja to congratulate them on opening the Directorate in Halabja for the first time. They focused on continue working together in the future and plan to better implement of combating domestic violence law.
بەمەبەستی پیرۆزباییکردن لە بەریوەبەری بەرێوەبەراتی توندوتیژی دژی ژنان ستافی نووسینگەی ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە سەردانی رائید (برهان احمد)یان کرد، دوای دەستنیشانکردنی وەکو بەڕێوەبەری بەڕێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی دژی ژنان/هەڵەبجە.
لە سەردانەکەدا هەردوولا جەختیان کردەوە کە بەردەوام دەبن لە کاری هاوبەش و کارکردن لە پێناو بەرەو پێشبردنی جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربووەوەی توندوتیژی خێزانی.
بەمەبەستی پیرۆزباییکردن لە بەریوەبەری بەرێوەبەراتی توندوتیژی دژی ژنان ستافی نووسینگەی ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە سەردانی رائید (برهان احمد)یان کرد، دوای دەستنیشانکردنی وەکو بەڕێوەبەری بەڕێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی دژی ژنان/هەڵەبجە.
لە سەردانەکەدا هەردوولا جەختیان کردەوە کە بەردەوام دەبن لە کاری هاوبەش و کارکردن لە پێناو بەرەو پێشبردنی جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربووەوەی توندوتیژی خێزانی.
رۆژی ٢٢/١/ ٢٠١٩ تۆڕی ڕێكـخراوه‌كانـی هه‌ڵه‌بجـه‌ حه‌وته‌مین كۆنفرانسی خۆی به‌ پێی په‌یڕه‌وی ناوخۆی تۆڕو له‌كاتی خۆیدا و به‌ چاودێری ده‌سته‌یه‌ك پارێزه‌ر و نوێنه‌ری هۆبه‌ی رێكخراوه‌كان له‌ پارێزگای هه‌ڵه‌بجه‌ سازكرد.
ستافی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان وەکو ئەندام لە تۆڕی ڕێكخراوەكانی هەڵەبجە بەژداربوون لە کۆنفرانسەکەدا.
‎ لە کۆنفرانسەکەدا ستافی نوێی كارگێڕی هەڵبژێردرا بۆ دووساڵی داهاتوو ستافی نوێی ده‌سته‌ی كارگێری تۆڕ به‌م شێوه‌یه‌
‎ ئه‌رسه‌لان عابد : سه‌رۆكی تۆری رێكخراوه‌كانی هه‌ڵه‌بجه‌
‎ فه‌رهاد قادر : جێگری سه‌رۆكی تۆڕ
عاصی فائق : كارگێڕی و دارایی
‎ شیلان صدیق : په‌یوه‌ندیه‌كانی تۆڕ
‎جوان ئیسماعیل : پرۆژه‌كان
ڕێباز لوقمان : به‌دواداچون
‎سیروان عه‌زیز : راگه‌یاندن
رۆژی ٢٢/١/ ٢٠١٩ تۆڕی ڕێكـخراوه‌كانـی هه‌ڵه‌بجـه‌ حه‌وته‌مین كۆنفرانسی خۆی به‌ پێی په‌یڕه‌وی ناوخۆی تۆڕو له‌كاتی خۆیدا و به‌ چاودێری ده‌سته‌یه‌ك پارێزه‌ر و نوێنه‌ری هۆبه‌ی رێكخراوه‌كان له‌ پارێزگای هه‌ڵه‌بجه‌ سازكرد.
ستافی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان وەکو ئەندام لە تۆڕی ڕێكخراوەكانی هەڵەبجە بەژداربوون لە کۆنفرانسەکەدا.
‎ لە کۆنفرانسەکەدا ستافی نوێی كارگێڕی هەڵبژێردرا بۆ دووساڵی داهاتوو ستافی نوێی ده‌سته‌ی كارگێری تۆڕ به‌م شێوه‌یه‌
‎ ئه‌رسه‌لان عابد : سه‌رۆكی تۆری رێكخراوه‌كانی هه‌ڵه‌بجه‌
‎ فه‌رهاد قادر : جێگری سه‌رۆكی تۆڕ
عاصی فائق : كارگێڕی و دارایی
‎ شیلان صدیق : په‌یوه‌ندیه‌كانی تۆڕ
‎جوان ئیسماعیل : پرۆژه‌كان
ڕێباز لوقمان : به‌دواداچون
‎سیروان عه‌زیز : راگه‌یاندن
دوای ئەوەی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لەچوارچێوەی پڕۆژەی (چاودێری جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی) کە بەهاوکاری ڕێکخراوی NED امریکی جێبەجێی دەکات، کەمپینێکی بۆ کردنەوەی بەرێوەبەرایەتییەکی تایبەت بە پارێزگای هەلەبجە ئەنجامدا.
بە بریاریکی رەسمی وەزارەتی ناوەخۆ بریاردرا کە بەڕێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی/هەڵەبجە بکرێتەوەو رائد (بورهان احمد) وەکو بەڕێوەبەری ئەم بەرێوەبەرایەتییە دەست بەکاربێت.
ئەم کەمپینەی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بە هاوبەشی لەگەڵ رێکخراوەکان و چالاکوانانی هەڵەبجە و خودی بورهان احمد و لایەنەپەیوەندیدارەکانی تر بەجێبەجێکردنی یاساکە ئەنجام درا.
بەناوی ڕێکخراوی WOLA پیرۆزبایی گەرم ئاراستەی رائد (بورهان احمد ) دەکەین، بە بۆنەی دەست بەکاربوونی وەکو بەڕێوەبەری بەڕێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی/هەڵەبجە، کەهەمیشە هاوکارێکی باشی ڕێکخراوەکان بووە و دڵسۆزانە کاریکردووە بۆ جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربووەنەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی.
هەروەها سوپاسی سەرجەم ئەو ڕێکخڕاوو، کەسایەتی ولایەنانەی هەڵەبجە دەکەین کە هاوکاربوون لە کەمپینەکە و هاوکاربوون بۆ درووستکردنی فشار لەسەر لایەنە پەیوەندیدارەکان بۆ کردنەوەی ئەم بەڕێوەبەرایەتییە کەڕۆڵێکی گرنگی دەبێت لە پارێزگای هەلەبجە.
دوای ئەوەی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لەچوارچێوەی پڕۆژەی (چاودێری جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی) کە بەهاوکاری ڕێکخراوی NED امریکی جێبەجێی دەکات، کەمپینێکی بۆ کردنەوەی بەرێوەبەرایەتییەکی تایبەت بە پارێزگای هەلەبجە ئەنجامدا.
بە بریاریکی رەسمی وەزارەتی ناوەخۆ بریاردرا کە بەڕێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی/هەڵەبجە بکرێتەوەو رائد (بورهان احمد) وەکو بەڕێوەبەری ئەم بەرێوەبەرایەتییە دەست بەکاربێت.
ئەم کەمپینەی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بە هاوبەشی لەگەڵ رێکخراوەکان و چالاکوانانی هەڵەبجە و خودی بورهان احمد و لایەنەپەیوەندیدارەکانی تر بەجێبەجێکردنی یاساکە ئەنجام درا.
بەناوی ڕێکخراوی WOLA پیرۆزبایی گەرم ئاراستەی رائد (بورهان احمد ) دەکەین، بە بۆنەی دەست بەکاربوونی وەکو بەڕێوەبەری بەڕێوەبەرایەتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی/هەڵەبجە، کەهەمیشە هاوکارێکی باشی ڕێکخراوەکان بووە و دڵسۆزانە کاریکردووە بۆ جێبەجێکردنی یاسای بەرەنگاربووەنەوەی توندووتیژی خێزانی.
هەروەها سوپاسی سەرجەم ئەو ڕێکخڕاوو، کەسایەتی ولایەنانەی هەڵەبجە دەکەین کە هاوکاربوون لە کەمپینەکە و هاوکاربوون بۆ درووستکردنی فشار لەسەر لایەنە پەیوەندیدارەکان بۆ کردنەوەی ئەم بەڕێوەبەرایەتییە کەڕۆڵێکی گرنگی دەبێت لە پارێزگای هەلەبجە.
بەمەبەستی تیشک خستنە سەر چۆنیەتی داکۆکیکردن لە مافەکانی ژنان، ڕێکخستنی چالاکی داکۆکیکردن، بنەماکان و ڕێگا دروستەکانی، رۆژانی ٤-٨/١/٢٠١٩ رێکخراوی ئەنتەرنیوس (Internews)ی ئەمریکی خولێکی راهێنانی چوار رۆژەی بۆ چالاکوانانی ژنان و چالاکوانانی مەدەنی لە شاری هەولێر ئەنجامدا.
لەم راهێنانەدا بەڕێوەبەری ڕێکخراوی هارریکاری یاسایی ژنان پارێزەر (شۆخان حمەرشید) بەشداری کرد و لە بەشێکدا کە ئەزموونی کۆمەلێك کار لە کوردستان و لە لوبنان نیشاندرا، بەڕێوەبەری ڕێکخراو چەند نموونەیەکی کاری خستەڕوو.
بەمەبەستی تیشک خستنە سەر چۆنیەتی داکۆکیکردن لە مافەکانی ژنان، ڕێکخستنی چالاکی داکۆکیکردن، بنەماکان و ڕێگا دروستەکانی، رۆژانی ٤-٨/١/٢٠١٩ رێکخراوی ئەنتەرنیوس (Internews)ی ئەمریکی خولێکی راهێنانی چوار رۆژەی بۆ چالاکوانانی ژنان و چالاکوانانی مەدەنی لە شاری هەولێر ئەنجامدا.
لەم راهێنانەدا بەڕێوەبەری ڕێکخراوی هارریکاری یاسایی ژنان پارێزەر (شۆخان حمەرشید) بەشداری کرد و لە بەشێکدا کە ئەزموونی کۆمەلێك کار لە کوردستان و لە لوبنان نیشاندرا، بەڕێوەبەری ڕێکخراو چەند نموونەیەکی کاری خستەڕوو.ڕۆژی ٥/١/٢٠١٩ رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان ئەڵقەیەکی نوێی لە بەرنامەی "کلیلی کۆمەڵگا"ی پێشکەس کرد.
لەبەرنامەکەدا گفتوگۆکرا سەبارەت به‌ بژێوی لە یاساکانی عێراقدا، بە میوانداری پارێزەر "وریا عەزیز"
بەرنامەی " كلیلی كۆمه‌ڵگا" مانگی جارێك لەلایەن ئۆفیسی هەلەبجەی ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنانه‌وه‌ ئامادە دەکرێت و لە رادیۆی دەنگی نوێ پێشکەش دەکرێت.
ڕۆژی ٥/١/٢٠١٩ رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان ئەڵقەیەکی نوێی لە بەرنامەی "کلیلی کۆمەڵگا"ی پێشکەس کرد.
لەبەرنامەکەدا گفتوگۆکرا سەبارەت به‌ بژێوی لە یاساکانی عێراقدا، بە میوانداری پارێزەر "وریا عەزیز"
بەرنامەی " كلیلی كۆمه‌ڵگا" مانگی جارێك لەلایەن ئۆفیسی هەلەبجەی ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنانه‌وه‌ ئامادە دەکرێت و لە رادیۆی دەنگی نوێ پێشکەش دەکرێت.
٢٩/١٢/٢٠١٨ رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان کۆبوونەوەی کۆتایی ساڵی 2018 ی ئەنجامدا، بە ئامادەبوونی سەرجەم ستافی نووسینگەکانی سلێمانی و هەڵەبجە و گەرمیان، لە کۆبوونەوەکادا گفتوگۆ دەربارەی کاروچالاکی و کەمووکورتییەکانی ساڵی 2018. کرا، هەروەها دانانی پلان و کارو چالاکی بۆ ساڵی 2019.
لەکۆتاییشدا بەرێوەبەری رێکخراو "شۆخان حەمە رەشید" سوپاسنامەی بە ستافی سەرجەم نووسینگەکان و ستاف و كارمەندانی رێکخراو بەخشی لە بەرامبەر دڵسۆزی و ماندووبونیان لە بەجێهێنان و راپەراندنی ئەرکەکانیان.
٢٩/١٢/٢٠١٨ رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان کۆبوونەوەی کۆتایی ساڵی 2018 ی ئەنجامدا، بە ئامادەبوونی سەرجەم ستافی نووسینگەکانی سلێمانی و هەڵەبجە و گەرمیان، لە کۆبوونەوەکادا گفتوگۆ دەربارەی کاروچالاکی و کەمووکورتییەکانی ساڵی 2018. کرا، هەروەها دانانی پلان و کارو چالاکی بۆ ساڵی 2019.
لەکۆتاییشدا بەرێوەبەری رێکخراو "شۆخان حەمە رەشید" سوپاسنامەی بە ستافی سەرجەم نووسینگەکان و ستاف و كارمەندانی رێکخراو بەخشی لە بەرامبەر دڵسۆزی و ماندووبونیان لە بەجێهێنان و راپەراندنی ئەرکەکانیان.
بەمەبەستی دانانی گوڵ لەسەر گۆڕی خوالێخۆشبوو (سێوە قادر) و منداڵەکانی، بەرواری 2018/12/28 بەڕێوەبەر و پارێزەران و ستافی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان، سەردانی قەزای چەمچەماڵیان کرد.
هەر لەسەردانەکەدا سەردانی کەسووکاری خوالێخۆشبوویان کرد بۆ وەرگرتنی بریکارنامەو کارکردن لەسەر کەیسەکە لە پێناو بەسزا گەیاندنی تۆمەتبار بە سزای یاسایی.
بەمەبەستی دانانی گوڵ لەسەر گۆڕی خوالێخۆشبوو (سێوە قادر) و منداڵەکانی، بەرواری 2018/12/28 بەڕێوەبەر و پارێزەران و ستافی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان، سەردانی قەزای چەمچەماڵیان کرد.
هەر لەسەردانەکەدا سەردانی کەسووکاری خوالێخۆشبوویان کرد بۆ وەرگرتنی بریکارنامەو کارکردن لەسەر کەیسەکە لە پێناو بەسزا گەیاندنی تۆمەتبار بە سزای یاسایی.
بەشداریکردنی پارێزەر (بریار محمد)وەکو نوێنەری ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە چالاکییەکی تایبەت کە سازکرابوو لەلایەن (دەزگای وارڤین) لە هوتێل چواچرا/هەولێر، بەمەبەستی قسەکردن لەسەر بنەماکانی توندووتیژی و هۆکارو چارەسەیان، دواتر ئامادەکردنی یاداشتێک بە مەبەستی ئیدانەکردنی ئەو تاوانەی بەرامبەر بە (سێوان قادر)و منداڵەکانی ئەنجامدرا و خۆێندنەوەی لە کۆنگرەیەکی رۆژنامەوانیدا.
بەشداریکردنی پارێزەر (بریار محمد)وەکو نوێنەری ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لە چالاکییەکی تایبەت کە سازکرابوو لەلایەن (دەزگای وارڤین) لە هوتێل چواچرا/هەولێر، بەمەبەستی قسەکردن لەسەر بنەماکانی توندووتیژی و هۆکارو چارەسەیان، دواتر ئامادەکردنی یاداشتێک بە مەبەستی ئیدانەکردنی ئەو تاوانەی بەرامبەر بە (سێوان قادر)و منداڵەکانی ئەنجامدرا و خۆێندنەوەی لە کۆنگرەیەکی رۆژنامەوانیدا.
بەشداریکردنی بەڕێوەبەر و پارێزەران و ستافی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان، لەکۆنگرەیەکی ڕۆژنامەوانی کە لە بەردەم دادگای سلێمانی سازکرابوو، بەمەبەستی ئیدانەکردنی ئەو تاوانەی بەرامبەر بە (سێوە قادر) و منداڵەکانی ئەنجامدرا.
لە کۆنگرە رۆژنامەوانییەکەدا پاڕێزەرانی رێکخراو دووپاتیانکردەوە کەوا کار دەکەن لەسەر کەیسەکە، تاکو بەسزا گەیاندنی تۆمەتبار و بێدەنگ نەبوون بەرامبەر بەم تاوانە گەورەیە.
بەشداریکردنی بەڕێوەبەر و پارێزەران و ستافی رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان، لەکۆنگرەیەکی ڕۆژنامەوانی کە لە بەردەم دادگای سلێمانی سازکرابوو، بەمەبەستی ئیدانەکردنی ئەو تاوانەی بەرامبەر بە (سێوە قادر) و منداڵەکانی ئەنجامدرا.
لە کۆنگرە رۆژنامەوانییەکەدا پاڕێزەرانی رێکخراو دووپاتیانکردەوە کەوا کار دەکەن لەسەر کەیسەکە، تاکو بەسزا گەیاندنی تۆمەتبار و بێدەنگ نەبوون بەرامبەر بەم تاوانە گەورەیە.
وەکو ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان پرسەو سەرەخۆشی خۆمان ئاراستەی کۆمەڵانی خەڵکی کوردستان و کەس و کاری خوالێخۆشبوو دەکەین و بەڵێین دەدەین کار بکەین وەکو پارێزەرانی خۆبەخش لە پێناو بە سزاگەیاندنی تۆمەتبار, بێدەنگ نەبوون لە ئاستی ئەم تاوانە و سەرجەم ئەو تاوانانەی کە بەرامبەر بە ژنانی کۆمەڵگاکەمان کراوە و دەکرێت.
وەکو ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان پرسەو سەرەخۆشی خۆمان ئاراستەی کۆمەڵانی خەڵکی کوردستان و کەس و کاری خوالێخۆشبوو دەکەین و بەڵێین دەدەین کار بکەین وەکو پارێزەرانی خۆبەخش لە پێناو بە سزاگەیاندنی تۆمەتبار, بێدەنگ نەبوون لە ئاستی ئەم تاوانە و سەرجەم ئەو تاوانانەی کە بەرامبەر بە ژنانی کۆمەڵگاکەمان کراوە و دەکرێت.
ڕێكخراوى ھاريكارى ياسايي ژنان پيرۆزبايى لە خاتوو شەيدا معتصم دەكات بەبۆنەی وەرگرتنی خەڵاتيك لەسەرئاستی ڕۆژهەڵاتی ناوەراست
خاتوو(شەیدا معتصـم جافر) کچە چالاکوانی هەڵەبجه‌یى و کارگێڕی سەنتەری گەشەپێدانی چالاکی لاوان لەناو هەزاران بەشداربوودا، لەریـــزی ۱۰۰ کەسـایەتی چالاکوانی رۆژهـەڵاتی ناوەڕاست لەبواری کاری لاوان و ژنان بۆساڵی ۲۰۱٨ دەستنیشان کرا.
شەیدا معتصـم ھەميشە بەشدارى كار و چالاكيەكانى ريكخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بووە لە پارێزگای ھەڵەبجە.
ڕێكخراوى ھاريكارى ياسايي ژنان پيرۆزبايى لە خاتوو شەيدا معتصم دەكات بەبۆنەی وەرگرتنی خەڵاتيك لەسەرئاستی ڕۆژهەڵاتی ناوەراست
خاتوو(شەیدا معتصـم جافر) کچە چالاکوانی هەڵەبجه‌یى و کارگێڕی سەنتەری گەشەپێدانی چالاکی لاوان لەناو هەزاران بەشداربوودا، لەریـــزی ۱۰۰ کەسـایەتی چالاکوانی رۆژهـەڵاتی ناوەڕاست لەبواری کاری لاوان و ژنان بۆساڵی ۲۰۱٨ دەستنیشان کرا.
شەیدا معتصـم ھەميشە بەشدارى كار و چالاكيەكانى ريكخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بووە لە پارێزگای ھەڵەبجە.
به‌رواری 2018/12/20 ریكخراوی هاریكاری یاسایی ژنان له‌ پاریزگای هه‌له‌بجه‌ ،تازه‌ترین راپۆرتی خۆی له‌ ژیر نانونیشانی (راپۆرتی چاودیری جیبه‌جیكردنی یاسای به‌ره‌نگاربوونه‌وه‌ی توندووتیژی خیزانی )به‌ ئاماده‌بوونی ده‌زگاكانی راگه‌یاندن و ریكخراوه‌كانی كۆمه‌لگه‌ی مه‌ده‌نی و لایه‌نه‌په‌یوه‌ندیداره‌كان به‌جیبه‌جیكردنی یاساكه‌ خسته‌روو، كه‌ تیایدا سه‌رجه‌م ئه‌و گرفت و ریگریانه‌ی هه‌ن له‌به‌رده‌م جیبه‌جیكردنی یاساكه‌ له‌سه‌رجه‌م ناوچه‌كانی كوردستان خرانه‌روو ، له‌ كۆتایشدا راسپارده‌ و پیشنیار ته‌واو خرانه‌روو به‌ ئامانجی چاره‌سه‌ركردن و كه‌مكردنه‌وه‌ی گرفت و ریگرییه‌كانی به‌رده‌م جیبه‌جیكردنی یاساكه‌.
ئه‌مه‌ش یه‌كیكه‌ له‌و پرۆژانه‌ی كه‌ ریكخراو به‌ هاوكاری ریكخراوی NED امريكي جیبه‌جیی ده‌كات.
ئۆفیسی مافەکانی مرۆڤی سەر بە نەتەوەیەکگرتووەکان لەبەرواری ١٧-١٨/١٢/٢٠١٨ خولێکی دوو رۆژەی دەربارەی "مافه کانی ژنان و یەكسانی جێندەری و یاسای بەرەنگاربونەوەی توندوتیژی خێزانی وجێبەجێکردنی یاساکە" ئەنجامدا
لە خولەکەدا چەندین رێکخراو بەشداریان کرد و "پێشەنگ محمد" وەک نۆینەری رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بەشداری کرد.
ئۆفیسی مافەکانی مرۆڤی سەر بە نەتەوەیەکگرتووەکان لەبەرواری ١٧-١٨/١٢/٢٠١٨ خولێکی دوو رۆژەی دەربارەی "مافه کانی ژنان و یەكسانی جێندەری و یاسای بەرەنگاربونەوەی توندوتیژی خێزانی وجێبەجێکردنی یاساکە" ئەنجامدا
لە خولەکەدا چەندین رێکخراو بەشداریان کرد و "پێشەنگ محمد" وەک نۆینەری رێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بەشداری کرد.
به‌رواری 2018/12/19 ریكخراوی هاریكاری یاسایی ژنان به‌هاوبه‌شی له‌گه‌ل كۆلیژی یاسا /زانكۆی سلیمانی و به‌هاوكاری ریكخراوی (NED) امریكی وۆرك شۆپیكی ئه‌نجامدا به‌ ناونیشانی:
(چۆنیه‌تی به‌بابه‌ت كردنی یاسای به‌ره‌نگاربوونه‌وه‌ی توندووتیژی خیزانی له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسادا) به‌ ئامانجی دیاریكردنی باشترین میكانیزم له‌ پیناو به‌بابه‌تكردنی یاساكه‌ له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسا، و له‌ وۆرك شۆپه‌كه‌ نوینه‌ری هه‌ریه‌ك له‌ زانكۆی جیهان/سلیمانی ، زانكۆی امریكی و نوینه‌ری ریكخراوه‌كانی كۆمه‌لگای مه‌ده‌نی و یاساناسان و مامۆستایانی زانكۆ و راویژكاری ریكخراوی (NED) امریكی ئاماده‌بوون چه‌ند ته‌وه‌ریكی گرنگ باسكران کە ئە‌وانیش:
1-خستنه‌رووی ئه‌وكاروچالاكیانه‌ی كه‌ ریكخراو به‌ هاوكاری ریكخراوی (NED) امریكی ئه‌نجامی داون.
2-خستنه‌رووی گرنگی بوونی یاساكه‌ بۆ كۆمه‌لگای كوردی و چۆنیه‌تی جیبه‌جیكردنی له‌ دادگاكان.
3-گرنگی خۆیندنی یاساكه‌ وه‌كو بابه‌تیكی تایبه‌تی له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسا.
4- دیاریكردنی باشترین میكانزم بۆ چۆنیه‌تی به‌بابه‌تكردنی یاساكه‌ .
به‌رواری 2018/12/19 ریكخراوی هاریكاری یاسایی ژنان به‌هاوبه‌شی له‌گه‌ل كۆلیژی یاسا /زانكۆی سلیمانی و به‌هاوكاری ریكخراوی (NED) امریكی وۆرك شۆپیكی ئه‌نجامدا به‌ ناونیشانی:
(چۆنیه‌تی به‌بابه‌ت كردنی یاسای به‌ره‌نگاربوونه‌وه‌ی توندووتیژی خیزانی له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسادا) به‌ ئامانجی دیاریكردنی باشترین میكانیزم له‌ پیناو به‌بابه‌تكردنی یاساكه‌ له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسا، و له‌ وۆرك شۆپه‌كه‌ نوینه‌ری هه‌ریه‌ك له‌ زانكۆی جیهان/سلیمانی ، زانكۆی امریكی و نوینه‌ری ریكخراوه‌كانی كۆمه‌لگای مه‌ده‌نی و یاساناسان و مامۆستایانی زانكۆ و راویژكاری ریكخراوی (NED) امریكی ئاماده‌بوون چه‌ند ته‌وه‌ریكی گرنگ باسكران کە ئە‌وانیش:
1-خستنه‌رووی ئه‌وكاروچالاكیانه‌ی كه‌ ریكخراو به‌ هاوكاری ریكخراوی (NED) امریكی ئه‌نجامی داون.
2-خستنه‌رووی گرنگی بوونی یاساكه‌ بۆ كۆمه‌لگای كوردی و چۆنیه‌تی جیبه‌جیكردنی له‌ دادگاكان.
3-گرنگی خۆیندنی یاساكه‌ وه‌كو بابه‌تیكی تایبه‌تی له‌ناو كۆلیژه‌كانی یاسا.
4- دیاریكردنی باشترین میكانزم بۆ چۆنیه‌تی به‌بابه‌تكردنی یاساكه‌ .
بەمەبەسستی گفتۆگۆکردن دەربارەی هەموارکردنەوەی یاسای بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندتیژی خێزانی، رۆژی سێشەممە بەرواری ١٨/١٢/٢٠١٨ لە پارێزگای هەولێر وۆرکشۆپیک ئەنجامدرا، کە لەساڵی ٢٠١٥ لەلایەن رێكخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بە ھاوكارى وەزارەتى ناوخۆ و رێکخراوی مێرى پرۆژەى ھەموارکەردنەوەکە درايە پەرلەمان، بەلام بەهۆی وەستانی کارەکانی پەرلەمان، بۆ خولى نوێ پێويستە جارێكى تر كارى بۆ بكرێتەوە.
كوبونەوەکە لەلایەن بەڕێوەبەرایەتی گشتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توند وتیژی دژی ئافرەتان، بە هاوکاری ڕێکخراوی UNHCR ڕێکخرابوو،
کە تیایدا گفتوگۆکرا دەربارەی یاساکە، بۆ ئەوەی جارێکیتر پێداچونەوەی بۆ بکرێت.
بەمەبەسستی گفتۆگۆکردن دەربارەی هەموارکردنەوەی یاسای بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندتیژی خێزانی، رۆژی سێشەممە بەرواری ١٨/١٢/٢٠١٨ لە پارێزگای هەولێر وۆرکشۆپیک ئەنجامدرا، کە لەساڵی ٢٠١٥ لەلایەن رێكخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان بە ھاوكارى وەزارەتى ناوخۆ و رێکخراوی مێرى پرۆژەى ھەموارکەردنەوەکە درايە پەرلەمان، بەلام بەهۆی وەستانی کارەکانی پەرلەمان، بۆ خولى نوێ پێويستە جارێكى تر كارى بۆ بكرێتەوە.
كوبونەوەکە لەلایەن بەڕێوەبەرایەتی گشتی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توند وتیژی دژی ئافرەتان، بە هاوکاری ڕێکخراوی UNHCR ڕێکخرابوو،
کە تیایدا گفتوگۆکرا دەربارەی یاساکە، بۆ ئەوەی جارێکیتر پێداچونەوەی بۆ بکرێت.
بەمەبەستی گفتوگۆکردن دەربارەی ياساى بەرەنگاربوونەوەى توندوتيژى خێزانى و ناساندنى رێكخراوو كارو چالاكيه كانى، بەرواری ١٢/١٢/٢٠١٨ ريكخراوی هاريكارى ياسايى ژنان بەشداربوو له كۆنفرانسێکى زانكۆى كۆيە.
لەهەمان کاتدا ستافی رێکخراوی WOLA لەگەڵ راگرایەتی و سەرۆکایەتی کۆلێژی یاسا/زانکۆی کۆیە کۆبوونەوە، بەمەبەستی دروستکردنی پەیوەندی و ئەنجامدانی کاری هاوبەش لەگەڵ یەکتر لە داهاتوودا.
بەمەبەستی گفتوگۆکردن دەربارەی ياساى بەرەنگاربوونەوەى توندوتيژى خێزانى و ناساندنى رێكخراوو كارو چالاكيه كانى، بەرواری ١٢/١٢/٢٠١٨ ريكخراوی هاريكارى ياسايى ژنان بەشداربوو له كۆنفرانسێکى زانكۆى كۆيە.
لەهەمان کاتدا ستافی رێکخراوی WOLA لەگەڵ راگرایەتی و سەرۆکایەتی کۆلێژی یاسا/زانکۆی کۆیە کۆبوونەوە، بەمەبەستی دروستکردنی پەیوەندی و ئەنجامدانی کاری هاوبەش لەگەڵ یەکتر لە داهاتوودا.
بەرێوەبەری رێكخراوى ھاريكارى ياسايی ژنان، بەشداریکرد لە وۆركشۆپێكى دوو ڕۆژە لە شارى بغداد، دەربارەی بە ھێزكردنى تواناکانی ژنان.
ئەم وۆرکشۆپە كە لە لايەن ريكخراوى ئەلپەرلە مينتى ئەڵمانيەوە ڕێكخرابوو لە روژانى 9-10/12، کە یتیایدا ژمارەيەك لە نوێنەرى رێكخراوەكان و ئەندامانى پەرلە مان و لايەنى پەيوەنديدار ئامادە بوون.
بەرێوەبەری رێكخراوى ھاريكارى ياسايی ژنان، بەشداریکرد لە وۆركشۆپێكى دوو ڕۆژە لە شارى بغداد، دەربارەی بە ھێزكردنى تواناکانی ژنان.
ئەم وۆرکشۆپە كە لە لايەن ريكخراوى ئەلپەرلە مينتى ئەڵمانيەوە ڕێكخرابوو لە روژانى 9-10/12، کە یتیایدا ژمارەيەك لە نوێنەرى رێكخراوەكان و ئەندامانى پەرلە مان و لايەنى پەيوەنديدار ئامادە بوون.
بەرواری ٦/١٢/٢٠١٨ ستافی نووسینگەی ڕێکخراوی هاریکاری یاسایی ژنان لەپارێزگای هەڵەبجە، لە چواچێوەی هەڵمەتی شانزە ڕۆژەی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی توندووتیژی دژی ژنان بەشدار بوون لە گفتوگۆیەکی کراوە بەناونیشانی ( رۆڵ و کاریگەریی رێکخراوەکانی ژنان لە کەمکردنەوەی تووندوتیژی و گرفتە کۆمەڵایەتیەکاندا)، ئەم گفتۆگۆیە بۆ ڕێکخراوەکانی ژنان و ئافرەتان لە سنوری پاریزگای هەلەبجە سازکرابوو، کە تیایدا گفتوگۆی جدی کرا لەسەر گرفت وکێشەکانی ژنان لە ناوچەکە و گرنگی بوون و رۆڵی رێکخراوەکانی ژنان لە پارێزگاکەدا
بەبۆنەی رۆژی جیهانی خۆبەخشان ڕێکخراوی
WOLAسوپاسی تاک بە تاکی کارمەندە خۆبەخشەکانی ئەکات کە وەک هەمیشە هاوکار بوون لە
ڕاپەراندنی کار و چالاکییەکانی ڕێکخراو، هیوای بەردەوامی و سەرکەوتن بۆ هەمووان
دەخوازیت و بەو هیوایەیە کە کاری خۆبەخشی
ببێتە کلتور لە ناو کۆمەڵگەدا.
‎رێکخراوی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکان بۆ یەکەمجار لە
ساڵی 1985 دا ڕۆژی 5 ی دیسەمبەری وەک ڕۆژی خۆبەخش دیاریکرد و ساڵانەش ئەم ڕۆژە لە
گشت جیهاندا یاد دەکرێتەوە.
بەبۆنەی رۆژی جیهانی خۆبەخشان ڕێکخراوی
WOLAسوپاسی تاک بە تاکی کارمەندە خۆبەخشەکانی ئەکات کە وەک هەمیشە هاوکار بوون لە
ڕاپەراندنی کار و چالاکییەکانی ڕێکخراو، هیوای بەردەوامی و سەرکەوتن بۆ هەمووان
دەخوازیت و بەو هیوایەیە کە کاری خۆبەخشی
ببێتە کلتور لە ناو کۆمەڵگەدا.
‎رێکخراوی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکان بۆ یەکەمجار لە
ساڵی 1985 دا ڕۆژی 5 ی دیسەمبەری وەک ڕۆژی خۆبەخش دیاریکرد و ساڵانەش ئەم ڕۆژە لە
گشت جیهاندا یاد دەکرێتەوە.